New Slang - 3

Fig. 1 World Ocean Database (WOD) Layers

Today, we continue with the WOD Layers inquiry (Fig. 1) as we focus specifically on Layers 1, 9, and 15.

The "new slang" we now use at Dredd Blog is shown in Fig. 2.

We previously focused on the mean average of all layers (New Slang), then moved on to Layer 0, 8, and 16 (New Slang - 2).

Just in case you are interested, Layer 15 contains an ocean current which is composed of more flowing water than all of the land-based rivers on Earth combined (Mysterious Zones of Antarctica, 2, 3, 4).

Fig. 2

I mention that because the oceans on this planet have many fascinations and mysteries, which I like to study scientifically.

That is one reason I use the WOD data and TEOS-10 library:

"TEOS-10 can be used to calculate all of the thermodynamic properties of water, ice, seawater, and sea air"

(Millero, F.J. 2010, emphasis added; c.f.  TEOS-10, before & beyond). Well, that word "all" covers it doesn't it?

Fig. 3a Tide Gauge SLC

Fig. 3b Conservative Temperature

Fig. 3c Absolute Salinity

Fig. 3d Thermosteric SLC

I began this series after I decided to use official oceanographic "slang" for various depth levels of the oceans.

Each WOD Layer has one or more of these depth categories, which are referred to on today's graphs if the WOD contains records of them.

Fig. 4a Tide Gauge SLC

Fig. 4b Conservative Temperature

Fig. 4c Absolute Salinity

Let's go through the general details of the three graph groups (Fig. 3a-d covers Layer 0, Fig. 4a-d covers
Layer 9, and Fig. 5a-d covers Layer 15).

Fig. 4d Thermosteric SLC

The characteristics of each layer that is covered consists of: a) tide gauge records in that layer; b) Conservative Temperarture (CT) of the seawater; c) Absolute Salinity (SA) of the seawater; and d) thermal expansion & contraction flux in that layer.

Fig. 5a Tide Gauge SLC

Fig. 5b Conservative Temperature

Fig. 5c Absolute Salinity

Fig. 5d Thermosteric SLC

Fig. 6 Atmospheric Temperature

In the previous post we looked at the northernmost and southernmost layers (the polar regions).

Today we move one more layer away from the poles, and thereby are more likely to encounter more populated areas.

You can get a general feel of the coastal population size of a layer by the number of tide gauge stations (see the list of tide gauge stations in each layer presented today following the graphs at the end of the post).

Internet links to the PSMSL tide gauge record details (a number followed by a ".php" underlined) are provided for your perusal and verification.

The WOD Zone is also shown so that you can quickly check out where the tide gauge stations are located.

Note that the NW Quadrant zones begin with "7", the NE Quadrant zones begin with "1", the SW Quadrant zones begin with "5", and the SE Quadrant zones begin with a "3" (The north / south divide is at the equator, the east / west divide is at the International Date line).

As with the graphs in the previous post, generally measurements in the layers closer to the poles have a more erratic pattern than those nearer to the equator have.

The tide gauge graphs (a) are the mean averages of all of the tide gauge stations in a particular layer.

The CT graphs (b) are calculated using in situ T measurements and the gsw_CT_from_t TEOS-10 library function.

The SA graphs (c) are calculated using in situ SP measurements and the gsw_SA_from_SP TEOS-10 library function.

The thermosteric SLC graphs (d) are a bit more involved.

That process is explained in more detail in a previous Dredd Blog post (Build Your Own Thermosteric Computational System).

The greatest "take home" from my studies using the WOD and PSMSL was the realization that the common belief that thermal expansion was or is "the major cause of sea level rise" ... or even "a major cause of sea level rise" was and is a myth.

There were many mistakes made that led to the myth.

One of the primary mistakes was the "bathtub model" ideology.

It induced mean average sea level discourse which "led us astray for a hundred years" (The Bathtub Model Doesn't Hold Water, 2, 3, 4, 5).

Another mistake was forgetting Sir Isaac Newton and thereby ignoring Woodward 1888.

I learned about Woodward 1888 from Professor Mitrovica (The World According To Measurements - 5).

After grasping that, I went on to elaborate on "the ghost water" that was missing from the minds of scientists who had been led astray by the bathtub model error.

That meant scientists were not calculating the amounts of seawater relocation from Greenland and Antarctica as a result of their incremental loss of gravitational power as they lost ice mass.

Very substantial amounts of seawater that scientists were not taking into consideration was causing sea level change they mistakenly thought was caused by thermal expansion (The Gravity of Sea Level Change, 2, 3, 4; The Ghost-Water Constant, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).

Not long after I learned and wrote about that, NASA finalized any debate about it in the discussion by discovering the ghost (NASA Busts The Ghost).

A funny sequel is that soon after it was "discovered", all of a sudden there was news that "Antarctica was melting three times faster than previously believed".

Also, other events such as NASA OMG and Antarctica based GHOST began to take place, and are still underway.

Now the "thermal expansion is the major cause of sea level rise myth" is not mentioned as much, the gravity of sea level change is commonly mentioned,  and one of the Antarctic glaciers has been nicknamed "the doomsday glacier."

All along I criticized the misinformation by talking truth to the scientific management establishment and the press that was participating in spreading the myth (The Warming Science Commentariat, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).

I learned the reason the myth was perpetuated from a master, one James Hansen:

"I suspect the existence of what I call the `John Mercer effect'. Mercer (1978) suggested that global warming from burning of fossil fuels could lead to disastrous disintegration of the West Antarctic ice sheet, with a sea level rise of several meters worldwide. This was during the era when global warming was beginning to get attention from the United States Department of Energy and other science agencies. I noticed that scientists who disputed Mercer, suggesting that his paper was alarmist, were treated as being more authoritative.

It was not obvious who was right on the science, but it seemed to me, and I believe to most scientists, that the scientists preaching caution and downplaying the dangers of climate change fared better in receipt of research funding. Drawing attention to the dangers of global warming may or may not have helped increase funding for relevant scientific areas, but it surely did not help individuals like Mercer who stuck their heads out. I could vouch for that from my own experience. After I published a paper (Hansen et al 1981) that described likely climate effects of fossil fuel use, the Department of Energy reversed a decision to fund our research, specifically highlighting and criticizing aspects of that paper at a workshop in Coolfont, West Virginia and in publication (MacCracken 1983).

I believe there is a pressure on scientists to be conservative. Papers are accepted for publication more readily if they do not push too far and are larded with caveats. Caveats are essential to science, being born in skepticism, which is essential to the process of investigation and verification. But there is a question of degree. A tendency for `gradualism' as new evidence comes to light may be ill-suited for communication, when an issue with a short time fuse is concerned."

(The Ghost-Water Constant - 9). Yes, the oil industry (Humble Oil-Qaeda, 2) has been instrumental in swaying scientific managers in various corporations, and especially universities, to study things that did not shine a light on what was important, and to even encourage a "move along folks, nothing to see here" attitude.

But, the new slang is here to stay (On Thermal Expansion & Thermal Contraction, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38).

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.

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PSMSL Stations in Layer 1, 9, and 15 (click on links to view data):

Layer 1
PSMSL Station Name: BARENTSBURG
PSMSL Station Number: 541.php
WOD Zone: 1701

PSMSL Station Name: BARENTSBURG II (SPITSBERGEN)
PSMSL Station Number: 547.php
WOD Zone: 1701

PSMSL Station Name: NY-ALESUND
PSMSL Station Number: 1421.php
WOD Zone: 1701

PSMSL Station Name: BERLEVAG
PSMSL Station Number: 442.php
WOD Zone: 1702

PSMSL Station Name: HAMMERFEST
PSMSL Station Number: 758.php
WOD Zone: 1702

PSMSL Station Name: VADSO
PSMSL Station Number: 1257.php
WOD Zone: 1702

PSMSL Station Name: HONNINGSVAG
PSMSL Station Number: 1267.php
WOD Zone: 1702

PSMSL Station Name: VARDO
PSMSL Station Number: 524.php
WOD Zone: 1703

PSMSL Station Name: MALYE KARMAKULY
PSMSL Station Number: 609.php
WOD Zone: 1705

PSMSL Station Name: BOLVANSKII NOS (FEDOROVA)
PSMSL Station Number: 651.php
WOD Zone: 1705

PSMSL Station Name: ZHELANIA II (ZHELANIA MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 647.php
WOD Zone: 1706

PSMSL Station Name: RUSSKAIA GAVAN II
PSMSL Station Number: 710.php
WOD Zone: 1706

PSMSL Station Name: RUSSKAYA GAVAN
PSMSL Station Number: 711.php
WOD Zone: 1706

PSMSL Station Name: MORZHOVAIA (HARASAVEI MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 732.php
WOD Zone: 1706

PSMSL Station Name: POPOVA (BELYI OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 653.php
WOD Zone: 1707

PSMSL Station Name: LESKINA (LESKINA MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 654.php
WOD Zone: 1707

PSMSL Station Name: VISE (VISE OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 704.php
WOD Zone: 1707

PSMSL Station Name: TADIBE-IAHA
PSMSL Station Number: 767.php
WOD Zone: 1707

PSMSL Station Name: SE-LAHA
PSMSL Station Number: 1200.php
WOD Zone: 1707

PSMSL Station Name: DIKSON
PSMSL Station Number: 611.php
WOD Zone: 1708

PSMSL Station Name: STERLEGOVA (STERLEGOVA MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 612.php
WOD Zone: 1708

PSMSL Station Name: UEDINENIA (UEDINENIA OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 707.php
WOD Zone: 1708

PSMSL Station Name: IZVESTIA TSIK (IZVESTIA TSIK OSTROVA)
PSMSL Station Number: 728.php
WOD Zone: 1708

PSMSL Station Name: ISACHENKO (ISACHENKO OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 734.php
WOD Zone: 1708

PSMSL Station Name: SOPOCHNAIA KARGA
PSMSL Station Number: 917.php
WOD Zone: 1708

PSMSL Station Name: PRAVDY (PRAVDY OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 615.php
WOD Zone: 1709

PSMSL Station Name: RUSSKII (RUSSKII OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 655.php
WOD Zone: 1709

PSMSL Station Name: GOLOMIANYI (GOLOMIANYI OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 729.php
WOD Zone: 1709

PSMSL Station Name: KRASNOFLOTSKIE (KRASNOFLOTSKIE OSTROVA)
PSMSL Station Number: 738.php
WOD Zone: 1709

PSMSL Station Name: FEDOROVA (CHELUSKIN MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 601.php
WOD Zone: 1710

PSMSL Station Name: MALYI TAIMYR (MALYI TAIMYR OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 620.php
WOD Zone: 1710

PSMSL Station Name: GEIBERGA (GEIBERGA OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 648.php
WOD Zone: 1710

PSMSL Station Name: SOLNECHNAIA (SOLNECHNAIA BUKHTA)
PSMSL Station Number: 656.php
WOD Zone: 1710

PSMSL Station Name: KOSYSTYI (KOSYSTYI MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 736.php
WOD Zone: 1710

PSMSL Station Name: PESCHANYI (PESCHANYI MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 1006.php
WOD Zone: 1710

PSMSL Station Name: UST OLENEK
PSMSL Station Number: 610.php
WOD Zone: 1711

PSMSL Station Name: ANDREIA (ANDREIA OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 646.php
WOD Zone: 1711

PSMSL Station Name: PREOBRAZHENIA (PREOBRAZHENIA OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 652.php
WOD Zone: 1711

PSMSL Station Name: MARII PRONCHISHEVOI (BUKHTA)
PSMSL Station Number: 667.php
WOD Zone: 1711

PSMSL Station Name: TERPIAI-TUMSA
PSMSL Station Number: 790.php
WOD Zone: 1711

PSMSL Station Name: ANABAR
PSMSL Station Number: 1780.php
WOD Zone: 1711

PSMSL Station Name: TIKSI (TIKSI BUKHTA)
PSMSL Station Number: 569.php
WOD Zone: 1712

PSMSL Station Name: DUNAI (DUNAI OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 640.php
WOD Zone: 1712

PSMSL Station Name: MALYSHEVA (MALYSHEVA OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 741.php
WOD Zone: 1712

PSMSL Station Name: SAGYLLAH-ARY
PSMSL Station Number: 1019.php
WOD Zone: 1712

PSMSL Station Name: BYKOV MYS (BYKOV MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 1399.php
WOD Zone: 1712

PSMSL Station Name: SANNIKOVA (SANNIKOVA PROLIV)
PSMSL Station Number: 602.php
WOD Zone: 1713

PSMSL Station Name: KOTELNYI (KOTELNYI OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 641.php
WOD Zone: 1713

PSMSL Station Name: KIGILIAH
PSMSL Station Number: 642.php
WOD Zone: 1713

PSMSL Station Name: MUOSTAH ( MUOSTAH OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 649.php
WOD Zone: 1713

PSMSL Station Name: BUORHAIA (BUORHAIA MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 735.php
WOD Zone: 1713

PSMSL Station Name: NAIBA
PSMSL Station Number: 1497.php
WOD Zone: 1713

PSMSL Station Name: SHALAUROVA (SHALAUROVA MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 603.php
WOD Zone: 1714

PSMSL Station Name: SVIATOI NOS (SVIATOI NOS MYS)
PSMSL Station Number: 657.php
WOD Zone: 1714

PSMSL Station Name: ZEMLIA BUNGE
PSMSL Station Number: 658.php
WOD Zone: 1714

PSMSL Station Name: ZHOHOVA (ZHOHOVA OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 937.php
WOD Zone: 1715

PSMSL Station Name: CHETYREHSTOLBOVOI
PSMSL Station Number: 650.php
WOD Zone: 1716

PSMSL Station Name: VALKARKAI
PSMSL Station Number: 792.php
WOD Zone: 1717

PSMSL Station Name: RESOLUTE
PSMSL Station Number: 863.php
WOD Zone: 7709

PSMSL Station Name: LITTLE CORNWALLIS ISLAND
PSMSL Station Number: 1822.php
WOD Zone: 7709

PSMSL Station Name: ULUKHAKTOK ( FORMALLY HOLMAN )
PSMSL Station Number: 1930.php
WOD Zone: 7711

PSMSL Station Name: CAPE PARRY
PSMSL Station Number: 1282.php
WOD Zone: 7712

PSMSL Station Name: PRUDHOE BAY
PSMSL Station Number: 1857.php
WOD Zone: 7714

PSMSL Station Name: VRANGELIA (VRANGELIA OSTROV)
PSMSL Station Number: 608.php
WOD Zone: 7717

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Layer 9
PSMSL Station Name: POINTE NOIRE
PSMSL Station Number: 938.php
WOD Zone: 3001

PSMSL Station Name: ENGLISH BAY (ASCENSION ISLAND)
PSMSL Station Number: 1831.php
WOD Zone: 5001

PSMSL Station Name: RECIFE
PSMSL Station Number: 556.php
WOD Zone: 5003

PSMSL Station Name: FORTALEZA
PSMSL Station Number: 559.php
WOD Zone: 5003

PSMSL Station Name: BELEM
PSMSL Station Number: 580.php
WOD Zone: 5004

PSMSL Station Name: SALINOPOLIS
PSMSL Station Number: 589.php
WOD Zone: 5004

PSMSL Station Name: PRIGI
PSMSL Station Number: 2197.php
WOD Zone: 3011

PSMSL Station Name: BENOA B
PSMSL Station Number: 2200.php
WOD Zone: 3011

PSMSL Station Name: SAUMLAKI
PSMSL Station Number: 2274.php
WOD Zone: 3013

PSMSL Station Name: PORT MORESBY
PSMSL Station Number: 439.php
WOD Zone: 3014

PSMSL Station Name: MADANG
PSMSL Station Number: 1254.php
WOD Zone: 3014

PSMSL Station Name: LAE
PSMSL Station Number: 1303.php
WOD Zone: 3014

PSMSL Station Name: WEWAK
PSMSL Station Number: 1304.php
WOD Zone: 3014

PSMSL Station Name: MANUS ISLAND
PSMSL Station Number: 1609.php
WOD Zone: 3014

PSMSL Station Name: PORT MORESBY II
PSMSL Station Number: 1610.php
WOD Zone: 3014

PSMSL Station Name: LOMBRUM
PSMSL Station Number: 1860.php
WOD Zone: 3014

PSMSL Station Name: RABAUL
PSMSL Station Number: 1164.php
WOD Zone: 3015

PSMSL Station Name: HONIARA II
PSMSL Station Number: 1373.php
WOD Zone: 3015

PSMSL Station Name: KAVIENG
PSMSL Station Number: 1608.php
WOD Zone: 3015

PSMSL Station Name: HONIARA-B
PSMSL Station Number: 1861.php
WOD Zone: 3015

PSMSL Station Name: NAURU
PSMSL Station Number: 1374.php
WOD Zone: 3016

PSMSL Station Name: NAURU-B
PSMSL Station Number: 1844.php
WOD Zone: 3016

PSMSL Station Name: FUNAFUTI
PSMSL Station Number: 1452.php
WOD Zone: 3017

PSMSL Station Name: FUNAFUTI B
PSMSL Station Number: 1839.php
WOD Zone: 3017

PSMSL Station Name: CHIMBOTE
PSMSL Station Number: 771.php
WOD Zone: 5007

PSMSL Station Name: PUERTO BOLIVAR
PSMSL Station Number: 1277.php
WOD Zone: 5007

PSMSL Station Name: TALARA
PSMSL Station Number: 475.php
WOD Zone: 5008

PSMSL Station Name: LA LIBERTAD II
PSMSL Station Number: 544.php
WOD Zone: 5008

PSMSL Station Name: LA LIBERTAD
PSMSL Station Number: 555.php
WOD Zone: 5008

PSMSL Station Name: SAN CRISTOBAL
PSMSL Station Number: 927.php
WOD Zone: 5008

PSMSL Station Name: BALTRA-B
PSMSL Station Number: 1645.php
WOD Zone: 5009

PSMSL Station Name: NUKU HIVA
PSMSL Station Number: 1555.php
WOD Zone: 5014

PSMSL Station Name: PENRHYN
PSMSL Station Number: 1450.php
WOD Zone: 5015

PSMSL Station Name: KANTON ISLAND
PSMSL Station Number: 575.php
WOD Zone: 5017

PSMSL Station Name: KANTON ISLAND-B
PSMSL Station Number: 1329.php
WOD Zone: 5017

PSMSL Station Name: ZANZIBAR
PSMSL Station Number: 1600.php
WOD Zone: 3003

PSMSL Station Name: MOMBASA II
PSMSL Station Number: 2183.php
WOD Zone: 3003

PSMSL Station Name: LAMU B
PSMSL Station Number: 2198.php
WOD Zone: 3004

PSMSL Station Name: POINT LA RUE
PSMSL Station Number: 1846.php
WOD Zone: 3005

PSMSL Station Name: GAN II
PSMSL Station Number: 1707.php
WOD Zone: 3007

PSMSL Station Name: DIEGO GARCIA-C
PSMSL Station Number: 1740.php
WOD Zone: 3007

PSMSL Station Name: DIEGO GARCIA D
PSMSL Station Number: 2190.php
WOD Zone: 3007

PSMSL Station Name: PADANG B
PSMSL Station Number: 2193.php
WOD Zone: 3010

PSMSL Station Name: CILACAP B
PSMSL Station Number: 2199.php
WOD Zone: 3010

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Layer 15
PSMSL Station Name: BAHIA ESPERANZA
PSMSL Station Number: 988.php
WOD Zone: 5605

PSMSL Station Name: PUERTO SOBERANIA
PSMSL Station Number: 1603.php
WOD Zone: 5605

PSMSL Station Name: ALMIRANTE BROWN
PSMSL Station Number: 858.php
WOD Zone: 5606

PSMSL Station Name: ARGENTINE ISLANDS
PSMSL Station Number: 913.php
WOD Zone: 5606

PSMSL Station Name: ROTHERA
PSMSL Station Number: 1931.php
WOD Zone: 5606

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