Thursday, July 4, 2024

On Thermal Expansion & Thermal Contraction - 50

It's another 'first'

I. Then

In the previous post of this series graphs were presented in various appendices (Appendix 1, Appendix 2, Appendix 3, Appendix 4, Appendix 5, Appendix 6).

The totals values implicated in those appendices were presented in a separate section of the post and were the 'grand totals' based on each ocean area under a 'per annum' basis:


... Totals

The full results of thermal expansion and thermal contraction is as follows:

Atlantic (Per annum net thermosteric change: 0.0470611 mm)

Pacific (Per annum net thermosteric change: 0.00319018 mm)

Indian (Per annum net thermosteric change: 0.779715 mm)

Southern (Per annum net thermosteric change: 0.0154316 mm)

Arctic (Per annum net thermosteric change: 0.0412511 mm)

Misc_1 (Per annum per group member net thermosteric change: 0.0597841 mm)

Misc_2 (Per annum per group member net thermosteric change: 0.111403 mm)

Misc_3 (Per annum per group member net thermosteric change: 0.174235 mm)

These values in millimeters are the bottom line average thermosteric changes per year.

These values were derived by adding the thermal expansion (positive numbers) and thermal contraction (negative numbers) together for each depth level in each ocean area WOD Zone and each ocean group, then dividing that sum by the number of years involved.

The global average net thermal expansion is:

Oceans: 0.0470611 + 0.00319018 + 0.779715 + 0.0154316 + 0.0412511 + Groups: 0.0597841 +  0.111403 + 0.174235 

= 1.23207108

1.23207108 / 8 = 0.154008885 millimeters

If global sea level rise per year is 3.6mm then that 0.154008885 is 4.4%.


(On Thermal Expansion & Thermal Contraction - 49). Those figures were expressions of the graphs in the six appendices listed above.

II. Now

In today's appendices I want to give the data values in HTML table format so that the scientific types and researchers can focus on the details if they care to (HTML1, HTML2, HTML3, HTML4, HTML5, HTML6, HTML7, HTML8).

There are eight appendices instead of the six appendices in the previous post, but the ocean areas and groups are the same (see III. Appendix Details).

There were thirty-three depths presented in the graphs, however, since that many colums cannot be fitted into an HTML graph without serious visual distortion, there are only four depths per table, and thirty-two dephs presented (32 ÷ 8 = 4).

Thus, what is shown for each ocean area is eight tables with four depth levels per table totaling 32 depth levels over the years 1950 - 2023.

Each column value is the thermal expansion or thermal contraction at that depth level over the years covered in the graphs and now in these HTML tables. 

Anyone can use the values to generate their own graphs if  they want to.

III. Closing Comments

As has been demonstrated in this series, to properly calculate thermal expansion one has to consider many depth levels, the volume/mass separately at each depth level, the temperature changes at those levels for the years being calculated, and then use the proper thermal coefficient.

That is how we develop the fact that sea level change is caused primarily by glacial melt dynamics (Hot, Warm, & Cold Thermal Facts: Tidewater-Glaciers - 9).

The previous post in this series is here.

Wednesday, July 3, 2024

HTML8

This is an appendix to: On Thermal Expansion & Thermal Contraction - 50



Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Arctic Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.04034550 -0.04311270 -0.00113897 -0.00144566
1952 0.32680200 0.28652200 0.00542074 0.00547952
1953 -0.26648800 -0.25366600 -0.00469011 -0.00453249
1954 0.14819200 0.39429700 0.01012860 0.01328140
1955 -0.03101720 -0.03262780 0.00099768 0.00357945
1956 0.03554560 -0.27542800 -0.01267790 -0.02113570
1957 -0.28231800 -0.20285300 0.00510189 0.01377540
1958 -0.24287200 -0.21218600 -0.00869297 -0.01485640
1959 0.94414100 1.15311000 0.02451210 0.02791040
1960 0.69695300 0.66274200 0.01121140 0.01189390
1961 -1.12250000 -1.37285000 -0.03166850 -0.03836220
1962 0.48333500 0.77068900 0.01892980 0.02254040
1963 -0.74596700 -1.15340000 -0.02617110 -0.02794760
1964 -0.32019800 -0.15259600 0.00158743 0.00192016
1965 0.23861300 0.82000400 0.02282290 0.03197300
1966 0.43122700 0.01837630 -0.00417873 -0.00939460
1967 -0.97966400 -0.95023100 -0.02283390 -0.02768650
1968 0.30356300 -0.12376400 -0.00677612 -0.00947034
1969 -0.43433600 -0.00659430 0.00824782 0.02056750
1970 0.11698600 0.21853300 0.01155440 0.02288140
1971 0.05379460 -0.11736800 -0.01499880 -0.03746000
1972 0.12879900 0.72888700 0.03200290 0.04857120
1973 0.47330800 -0.10655300 -0.02188850 -0.03421650
1974 1.89580000 2.49019000 0.06207790 0.06004710
1975 1.93857000 3.11412000 0.06106620 0.04592200
1976 -2.12028000 -3.25942000 -0.06214670 -0.04536400
1977 6.60608000 1.97845000 0.03788910 0.03170210
1978 -6.00829000 -2.67030000 -0.06139350 -0.05837810
1979 -1.92224000 -0.84092100 0.02322960 0.07058300
1980 0.73444200 0.16308900 -0.02565060 -0.02522480
1981 3.17228000 5.20309000 0.07888730 0.01233290
1982 -2.64507000 -5.52389000 -0.10778300 -0.11553000
1983 0.92076300 2.50856000 0.08484410 0.10302800
1984 -0.54980200 -0.59346800 -0.02316360 -0.00034591
1985 2.92543000 2.57085000 0.03544070 0.01135320
1986 -3.65093000 -4.08655000 -0.06789620 -0.03176690
1987 0.07698310 -1.67742000 -0.05518970 -0.07827870
1988 4.01079000 7.79262000 0.17214100 0.15273600
1989 -4.24356000 -5.70226000 -0.11378200 -0.08817600
1990 1.37799000 2.59713000 0.05221630 0.05669860
1991 -0.17013800 -1.64440000 -0.00315874 0.02680790
1992 1.66783000 1.42570000 -0.02285050 -0.07966720
1993 -3.79552000 -2.91721000 0.00048538 0.06338360
1994 2.19035000 -1.07122000 -0.08800070 -0.15241500
1995 2.64578000 7.68507000 0.22380600 0.27813300
1996 -2.10387000 0.50970000 -0.04581880 -0.10161300
1997 2.95756000 0.34579200 -0.00419517 -0.00657291
1998 6.73321000 3.79251000 0.08792020 0.10315700
1999 -2.15565000 -2.05929000 -0.04458720 -0.05864680
2000 -3.51842000 -3.85033000 -0.07623330 -0.07068520
2001 -5.85253000 -5.85891000 -0.10164000 -0.07587340
2002 9.84747000 10.10730000 0.17758700 0.13912100
2003 0.66347900 0.20693500 -0.00438183 -0.00915026
2004 5.34709000 6.20804000 0.12982900 0.11373500
2005 -12.59050000 -14.43390000 -0.27975400 -0.23779400
2006 12.95640000 15.90960000 0.30005600 0.25878800
2007 -11.36370000 -12.45840000 -0.23896200 -0.24676700
2008 19.95740000 19.69230000 0.36683200 0.35925600
2009 -5.00132000 -4.91902000 -0.10888000 -0.11765100
2010 -7.03250000 -5.76371000 -0.07918250 -0.04154080
2011 7.64360000 6.66175000 0.09976480 0.06119050
2012 -10.41830000 -9.66660000 -0.10570900 0.01488030
2013 -2.22307000 -3.78195000 -0.12084400 -0.15367600
2014 -2.87245000 -1.72500000 -0.01638340 0.00600121
2015 2.48062000 0.05968010 -0.09395800 -0.16876500
2016 3.24078000 4.79397000 0.15862800 0.30076500
2017 -0.10263300 -0.05513660 -0.00058831 -0.00043325
2018 0.42188700 2.71994000 0.10733200 -0.00023838
2019 -0.33143000 -2.63589000 -0.10397200 -0.00107671
2020 -0.98266800 1.82097000 0.09580260 0.02930290
2021 8.09335000 7.91827000 0.13104000 0.09530060
2022 -3.94127000 -1.23587000 0.02549500 0.05858090
2023 13.47930000 8.28093000 0.08030550 0.02356050


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Atlantic Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.28080900 0.31674400 0.00865972 0.00717608
1952 0.19092300 -0.90834500 -0.01067530 -0.01056640
1953 -0.01541110 0.80663800 0.00452739 0.01738970
1954 0.09324460 -0.78881500 0.00138581 -0.00677588
1955 -0.10198800 0.06407140 -0.00096686 0.00034829
1956 -0.21906100 -0.48453900 -0.00842738 0.00450705
1957 -1.50396000 -1.37855000 -0.02667610 -0.01059770
1958 -0.41812300 -0.48465300 0.03791730 0.01725380
1959 0.33048800 -0.01750270 -0.05316710 -0.03808110
1960 0.83530700 3.80200000 0.06530130 0.04868180
1961 -0.68704200 -2.57177000 -0.03927530 -0.01216220
1962 0.31886000 2.22586000 0.04344270 0.00554804
1963 -0.91637700 -3.53817000 -0.05965610 -0.04576780
1964 3.46763000 4.63037000 0.07760150 0.07623860
1965 -1.49541000 -2.79987000 -0.04500410 -0.03732460
1966 0.28342400 0.47098700 0.02029090 0.02221780
1967 -1.25705000 -2.40468000 -0.03750930 -0.00291538
1968 0.93413100 5.08181000 0.08400980 0.06272540
1969 -2.25559000 -5.17145000 -0.10649400 -0.04976940
1970 0.36382300 0.01903080 -0.04368030 -0.04731520
1971 0.47486100 1.14161000 0.02338170 -0.03135800
1972 -0.64186000 -1.67310000 -0.00885579 -0.04573270
1973 0.54549400 1.60471000 0.07794610 0.17161300
1974 0.15076900 -0.41579200 -0.05688450 -0.10336800
1975 -0.28701400 -0.15434400 0.14296800 0.00731467
1976 0.34889900 0.95742300 -0.08921660 -0.03142210
1977 -0.83365200 -1.18716000 -0.05736400 0.03828000
1978 -0.05409950 0.59093200 -0.01655030 -0.06589730
1979 0.26329700 -0.71924300 0.01910420 -0.03027170
1980 -0.74401700 -0.19876200 0.01779410 0.05231320
1981 2.06803000 1.79717000 0.05881710 0.14535800
1982 -0.60753200 -0.23058900 -0.01423850 -0.15634500
1983 0.41082600 -0.02745010 -0.06327430 -0.02860190
1984 -1.82016000 -1.04922000 -0.01496250 0.28137100
1985 1.09322000 0.50575700 0.08608700 -0.05612560
1986 -1.71033000 -1.52760000 -0.06549960 -0.13882000
1987 0.39999300 -0.43907900 -0.04829590 -0.03629530
1988 0.49145000 1.43163000 0.01725570 -0.05105440
1989 -0.37264000 -0.44700700 0.04966400 -0.03847350
1990 1.17342000 1.53855000 0.02817460 0.30521100
1991 -1.15786000 -1.92626000 -0.02584170 -0.20443300
1992 1.65668000 2.65034000 -0.03550650 -0.00976865
1993 -0.99865300 -2.10276000 -0.03068230 -0.04178880
1994 -2.08336000 -1.45166000 0.02188380 0.03718920
1995 2.38725000 1.20505000 0.05200600 0.11357900
1996 -1.41346000 -0.67088900 -0.01199790 -0.07199130
1997 13.70500000 14.32490000 0.21291300 0.17613900
1998 -9.72995000 -9.94315000 -0.06668980 0.05855660
1999 -3.01532000 -1.53064000 -0.02507210 -0.17802300
2000 1.50042000 3.95943000 -0.04040150 0.07767730
2001 1.83557000 -1.59514000 0.15409100 -0.13761500
2002 -1.05124000 -1.09458000 0.01442320 0.13996700
2003 0.16862300 -1.28246000 -0.29300300 -0.21038700
2004 0.48411600 8.70064000 0.15354300 0.29754300
2005 -2.69747000 -9.03211000 -0.11796700 -0.20381100
2006 4.21604000 4.03743000 0.28514900 0.21391700
2007 8.63413000 9.08257000 0.01965130 0.10267600
2008 -10.95900000 -12.26670000 -0.28237500 -0.33171900
2009 1.40389000 3.71605000 0.26797500 0.03803140
2010 -1.11145000 -2.24233000 -0.23877200 0.04168070
2011 9.17026000 9.15646000 0.09250570 0.10993000
2012 -0.09477930 -2.63261000 0.15018400 0.06230180
2013 -11.15390000 -10.21230000 -0.32883700 -0.34405900
2014 1.01749000 2.08388000 0.05088880 0.12352500
2015 3.46841000 4.60589000 0.19666900 0.10178900
2016 0.66310900 4.30947000 0.01041680 0.00928625
2017 0.92008800 -4.89420000 -0.09595920 0.12490300
2018 4.36653000 10.60360000 0.23780400 -0.06494690
2019 -8.74267000 -16.48630000 -0.38735300 -0.29890500
2020 3.87802000 7.77733000 0.16373400 0.14119100
2021 -6.38293000 -8.62261000 -0.17581600 -0.13460200
2022 0.50370800 0.02507690 -0.00183134 -0.04049970
2023 -1.35465000 0.17514100 0.00678367 0.00744782


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Misc_2 Oceans seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.12738300 0.23389700 0.01048980 0.01830000
1952 -0.78064600 -1.09098000 -0.03391870 -0.05063000
1953 -3.50930000 -3.04134000 -0.04569700 -0.02764380
1954 13.05550000 11.59510000 0.20379200 0.17859800
1955 0.33615000 1.16559000 0.03395120 0.04095320
1956 -0.88483200 -1.98398000 -0.04895960 -0.04768110
1957 -6.37775000 -1.77484000 0.03439060 0.06479740
1958 9.87150000 1.42418000 -0.07032700 -0.11716200
1959 1.40255000 4.00697000 0.11687500 0.13805000
1960 -10.36250000 -5.26038000 -0.01481910 0.03436280
1961 -5.34197000 -10.10760000 -0.26376300 -0.29242500
1962 -4.07612000 -3.52533000 -0.04069430 -0.01531130
1963 12.69180000 4.22318000 0.31101100 0.20235100
1964 1.03698000 2.22485000 0.21607800 0.21042900
1965 -12.73790000 -15.07020000 -0.52109500 -0.02474980
1966 -0.04065510 7.64685000 -0.16258900 -0.38128900
1967 -0.02289310 -0.47297500 0.40126800 0.52659700
1968 0.04971520 12.57690000 -0.01437740 -0.04495500
1969 -0.04124260 -10.70980000 -0.34921200 -0.44354600
1970 18.38300000 11.60870000 0.08249730 0.00663408
1971 -10.25890000 -12.68630000 0.21625100 0.00240176
1972 19.45760000 25.15800000 0.58574800 0.88357300
1973 12.16350000 24.62860000 -0.13242400 -0.06475820
1974 -11.15680000 -20.12950000 -0.50845500 -0.02355250
1975 -11.41810000 -15.79580000 0.04831180 -0.22278900
1976 0.02337770 13.12980000 0.39311800 0.27252700
1977 -0.07852030 19.00070000 -0.00784966 0.10191000
1978 0.05515950 -0.71648000 -0.00927697 -0.00520187
1979 0.04187330 -20.34120000 -0.65098700 -0.74927600
1980 -0.02008470 57.93740000 2.10567000 1.40768000
1981 -0.08350470 -23.42110000 -0.83293300 -1.07722000
1982 0.06684940 24.88620000 0.78277700 0.93419600
1983 0.01291280 -25.37810000 -0.29563800 -0.17200800
1984 0.66765200 52.97230000 0.32678200 0.10558800
1985 -0.67158100 -27.61830000 -0.41145200 -0.13007100
1986 -0.01262410 52.71400000 0.46468200 0.18099600
1987 -0.07648040 -27.91200000 -0.47605400 -0.23170000
1988 0.18161900 56.59740000 0.68917900 0.19522300
1989 -0.06294030 -1.81962000 -0.05155870 -0.07385170
1990 -0.06880800 2.62444000 0.01174540 0.08554380
1991 0.04518790 -3.48221000 -0.00473295 0.11660900
1992 0.37861800 -30.41660000 -0.57433700 -0.31847900
1993 -0.40083400 0.03529870 0.11440400 0.21434100
1994 -0.10235200 -0.16173100 -0.74835000 -1.25190000
1995 0.12532300 0.17734400 1.26383000 2.32725000
1996 0.02437400 0.04029440 -1.20950000 -1.08722000
1997 0.00218956 -0.01822510 1.26334000 0.55218600
1998 -0.03860110 0.01820500 0.17592100 0.21821600
1999 0.02703150 -0.01233050 -0.00300674 0.04593320
2000 0.08725390 55.15010000 0.33836300 -0.29074300
2001 -0.07807050 -31.51290000 -0.54266000 -0.14693600
2002 -0.02396040 55.97050000 0.53772500 0.13257200
2003 0.01775230 -32.14120000 -0.55497000 -0.22455800
2004 0.00810302 0.03989020 0.07334910 0.07945590
2005 -0.01355020 14.55250000 0.17066700 -0.02131770
2006 -0.02338990 -11.59560000 -0.22959300 -0.11153000
2007 0.01041160 -0.01922430 0.10044900 0.16533500
2008 -0.01168740 70.49840000 0.73259700 0.30362400
2009 0.03384860 -38.99760000 -0.56753700 -0.22407100
2010 -0.03926310 -0.09354440 0.02711210 0.08018650
2011 131.68600000 142.35700000 0.73905500 -0.16263800
2012 -53.75460000 -64.19890000 -0.79381000 0.00871822
2013 -0.01218110 0.03846700 0.04432770 0.10053500
2014 155.74700000 191.54500000 1.86979000 0.76055900
2015 -12.72680000 -13.04900000 -0.16265400 -0.11097100
2016 -56.64890000 -75.11630000 -1.38670000 -0.69652300
2017 129.58400000 160.20200000 1.36726000 0.31060200
2018 14.05290000 14.31340000 0.25288400 0.18149300
2019 -0.25161600 1.51550000 0.03546380 0.06919640
2020 6.08376000 -6.29616000 -0.19319400 -0.25415300
2021 -65.26620000 -78.89410000 -1.19934000 -0.16802300
2022 0.03096850 0.12261800 0.34148400 0.63511700
2023 322.97600000 318.53100000 3.03780000 1.12528000


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Misc_3 Oceans seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -3.75585000 -0.76146800 -0.00936779 -0.00267380
1952 0.92959200 1.58350000 0.01147750 -0.00755096
1953 6.74020000 -0.60014900 0.02966720 0.06905160
1954 -7.49300000 -9.97032000 -0.22719700 -0.24331500
1955 -2.16875000 -1.54776000 -0.01997070 -0.02369350
1956 31.54810000 29.62380000 0.54202900 0.48937800
1957 -17.88640000 -17.45470000 -0.32814100 -0.16678100
1958 -4.65470000 -4.78594000 -0.11410000 -0.25194800
1959 50.49340000 50.27590000 1.03894000 0.91433600
1960 -23.17220000 -21.86550000 -0.41913200 -0.39540200
1961 -5.27561000 -12.92140000 -0.00235317 0.39561600
1962 37.55600000 64.86400000 0.71179500 0.35685900
1963 -15.85870000 -26.59240000 -0.68078300 -0.78657000
1964 0.09146460 0.05604290 0.72473400 1.25135000
1965 -0.02669560 -1.01754000 -0.47526000 -0.75692600
1966 5.42175000 9.67871000 0.24960900 0.24052100
1967 -2.50651000 0.11970400 -0.00000940 0.43015100
1968 -2.29761000 -7.83525000 -0.20088600 -0.46355100
1969 2.97037000 12.25770000 0.31319000 0.77968200
1970 -1.37775000 -6.97871000 0.66405700 0.74946500
1971 12.49530000 14.38560000 -0.57126000 0.37305600
1972 -9.59308000 -10.71090000 -0.23923800 -0.93705200
1973 1.39613000 -0.06651070 0.08136370 -0.74050400
1974 -1.35623000 0.10831900 -0.07441000 0.36234500
1975 147.91500000 133.27000000 2.34758000 1.34361000
1976 -60.19720000 -59.70170000 -1.12028000 -1.03394000
1977 20.90260000 23.59500000 2.13694000 2.03569000
1978 -22.18770000 -18.61940000 -1.32837000 -1.25368000
1979 5.65800000 30.08200000 0.89148400 2.91466000
1980 -12.17000000 -26.58430000 0.54782000 -0.95405100
1981 3.35721000 -11.38960000 -0.01328910 0.43211800
1982 -0.10491500 5.04158000 -0.91674000 -0.23239100
1983 0.05446700 -2.45467000 -0.41696800 -1.58266000
1984 8.82626000 4.29666000 0.96451200 0.56568600
1985 3.29202000 9.26468000 -0.51409100 0.52695300
1986 5.59931000 44.67380000 3.51422000 2.43378000
1987 -6.17993000 -14.49640000 -1.82806000 -0.67255400
1988 7.60718000 -19.60270000 -0.47892400 0.29059100
1989 0.45233200 2.41695000 0.07542830 0.78862400
1990 -1.88567000 -3.65487000 0.62917900 -0.99349100
1991 2.67151000 3.28369000 -0.55648500 0.69282200
1992 -4.81378000 -8.37204000 -0.23407000 -2.25718000
1993 5.24769000 9.36113000 0.27091900 -0.03747250
1994 -7.46405000 -12.00520000 -0.32782000 -0.40015300
1995 9.55249000 13.29760000 0.32227400 0.34598400
1996 -17.11850000 -20.01190000 -0.43519800 -0.44086100
1997 17.43440000 20.65000000 0.45177400 0.45505600
1998 -9.38371000 -11.59840000 -0.26538500 0.08951350
1999 2.47107000 3.51084000 0.57763300 1.40865000
2000 -1.40884000 -3.45360000 -0.22699200 -0.64317300
2001 3.32198000 4.08273000 -0.26810800 0.43284600
2002 3.15901000 11.32970000 0.33649400 -1.14659000
2003 10.67890000 4.36792000 -0.00030753 -0.08322670
2004 -13.38360000 -15.57470000 -0.33336200 -0.05631870
2005 9.46719000 15.90150000 1.58776000 4.30269000
2006 -0.84849600 -2.83541000 -0.90408200 -2.53977000
2007 0.87240700 6.41667000 0.18851800 1.44924000
2008 -6.63614000 -17.10800000 -0.47987200 -1.27995000
2009 1.44677000 2.22858000 0.04951420 0.10543100
2010 13.54270000 18.02060000 0.45777900 1.30155000
2011 69.53480000 69.45250000 5.74998000 3.43206000
2012 -60.28900000 -65.24160000 -3.29012000 -3.20609000
2013 3.59122000 3.65334000 -0.41723400 0.17218300
2014 17.04070000 22.54970000 2.32753000 1.50821000
2015 74.65680000 343.85600000 4.65282000 4.84244000
2016 -0.21673100 -163.45600000 -3.35245000 -3.37469000
2017 223.61600000 230.20000000 4.52771000 4.27693000
2018 -5.57321000 -7.86793000 -0.20681200 -0.20216700
2019 1.31573000 -4.01858000 -0.14665900 -0.18272500
2020 -6.59015000 -4.49111000 -0.15555900 -0.26411000
2021 -172.91900000 -184.79000000 -3.73832000 -3.00153000
2022 1.03269000 1.25086000 1.82712000 0.16117100
2023 388.97500000 385.89500000 4.89834000 4.58931000


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Misc_1 Oceans seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -2.94187000 -2.65825000 -0.06845210 -0.07222250
1952 9.30855000 7.35458000 0.13855900 0.12229000
1953 -3.59911000 -2.10246000 -0.02689950 -0.01910280
1954 -3.45000000 -3.02488000 -0.04153460 -0.02900610
1955 2.01436000 2.74069000 0.03963320 0.03374090
1956 15.70560000 8.89934000 0.10882400 0.05585700
1957 -12.00870000 -8.95260000 -0.12335700 -0.07302050
1958 -3.00600000 -1.57873000 -0.01715770 -0.01082670
1959 -13.31850000 -13.16550000 -0.26449500 0.06202480
1960 14.51240000 15.01410000 0.33316300 -0.07725580
1961 -2.14834000 0.01741690 -0.01378700 0.00089377
1962 5.47243000 1.89565000 0.01284690 -0.00181216
1963 3.15040000 4.27225000 0.16704200 0.11530100
1964 -20.46400000 -20.59530000 0.06827120 0.06088550
1965 -14.75410000 17.60240000 -0.25928200 -0.17418700
1966 1.78657000 -22.47600000 -0.46796000 -0.48456700
1967 27.06690000 25.39710000 0.54710000 0.57910800
1968 -16.36660000 -22.43830000 -0.45440500 -0.00271856
1969 22.99530000 29.77780000 0.56757400 0.00629950
1970 10.00440000 6.16038000 0.07068250 0.04906100
1971 -41.46660000 -38.25910000 -0.79928000 0.00941267
1972 8.97534000 12.82970000 0.98598000 -0.00386984
1973 26.67110000 23.48570000 -0.10067600 -0.05337700
1974 4.07150000 3.61191000 0.04564830 0.03565320
1975 2.32868000 2.07354000 0.03245030 0.02842880
1976 -32.49910000 -33.93380000 -0.70221300 -0.02384290
1977 38.17370000 52.09680000 1.09612000 0.09976640
1978 3.07776000 7.25854000 0.08377550 0.07631790
1979 -38.92620000 -50.21700000 0.10260200 0.09709210
1980 42.59940000 42.46060000 -0.57478200 -0.47204800
1981 -36.86030000 13.14080000 0.17545700 0.10726700
1982 82.52590000 3.71252000 0.05167510 0.02995670
1983 -56.50880000 -54.98420000 -0.04179440 -0.02673310
1984 -6.66577000 -5.16287000 -0.19284700 -0.14876500
1985 -0.15371700 0.59603000 -1.17278000 0.08693860
1986 80.13970000 88.14550000 1.61643000 0.05196070
1987 4.02060000 6.98513000 0.60923300 0.42629900
1988 -54.31700000 -63.17250000 -0.46791700 -0.31547900
1989 -1.95502000 -1.96458000 -1.18962000 -1.16353000
1990 3.62708000 2.84292000 0.04695830 1.82924000
1991 60.08490000 60.34960000 1.24366000 -0.22049200
1992 -79.49900000 -77.34590000 -1.55641000 -1.54895000
1993 134.72800000 115.68200000 2.07562000 1.92732000
1994 -92.33290000 -86.64210000 -1.64617000 -1.59848000
1995 -11.80460000 -1.90889000 0.03756430 0.03250740
1996 15.26670000 10.33350000 -0.08740130 -0.06346820
1997 98.60590000 92.03350000 1.89061000 1.76169000
1998 -30.01180000 -14.89360000 -0.17013300 0.03382840
1999 58.20470000 23.57700000 0.19625500 -0.13422100
2000 -9.60909000 -1.90898000 0.03758380 0.05321260
2001 -18.74850000 15.16150000 0.17645500 0.10450800
2002 -26.18210000 -43.49850000 -0.54445100 -0.30503800
2003 7.74281000 7.00059000 0.12378900 0.10240400
2004 2.11085000 -8.07632000 -0.24265300 -0.26674300
2005 -16.33470000 -11.10860000 -0.19733100 -0.17522900
2006 -93.31880000 3.41135000 0.07727250 0.08230780
2007 89.50220000 -4.57889000 -0.05054290 -0.04447750
2008 -72.33570000 -71.85850000 -1.09300000 -1.13281000
2009 30.41460000 29.02800000 1.26428000 1.28108000
2010 85.07060000 77.89530000 0.15076900 0.10610700
2011 -15.29170000 1.78723000 0.20523900 0.16877300
2012 30.82760000 6.75029000 -0.10478400 -0.11424400
2013 19.48440000 18.43110000 0.26083600 0.16823300
2014 12.41400000 14.17500000 0.28693200 0.25998400
2015 -25.11370000 -23.43390000 -0.35564800 -0.24201600
2016 16.99960000 19.31580000 0.34331800 0.29464000
2017 1.49517000 3.71165000 0.07689840 0.07845210
2018 -60.99020000 -36.44410000 -0.28173700 -0.21555400
2019 36.39320000 13.02850000 -0.05280510 -0.05795430
2020 -1.66356000 0.64056100 -0.00052778 -0.01587370
2021 -10.03460000 -7.53728000 -0.08959300 -0.04983150
2022 30.49750000 16.31830000 0.17913100 0.09520360
2023 8.63335000 7.81206000 0.11567700 0.07990360


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Indian Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.69587000 -2.35071000 -0.01480030 0.05256430
1952 25.46490000 24.71020000 0.38157300 0.22290000
1953 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1954 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1955 29.15130000 28.19700000 0.47769800 0.37129100
1956 -23.28820000 -15.00780000 0.24213300 0.31070200
1957 -0.26388200 -9.04109000 -0.60577500 -0.04205350
1958 0.03285000 -2.65851000 1.09975000 -0.02026980
1959 -1.69087000 -8.67993000 -0.82997700 -0.79040100
1960 -0.22290700 -0.58705800 -0.10483300 -0.16635800
1961 0.19206600 0.29145300 0.66818500 0.61437300
1962 -0.33243100 -0.16468200 -0.50714300 -0.09764660
1963 0.17111700 0.14949800 0.02572810 1.15530000
1964 0.25196600 -0.28809100 -0.03716700 -1.13669000
1965 0.04774180 0.33699400 0.17568200 1.37690000
1966 0.42849400 1.94926000 0.21606400 -0.67170100
1967 -0.34438700 6.11707000 0.53068600 1.41943000
1968 -0.21735000 -0.16007400 -0.63938800 -1.48305000
1969 -0.24186700 -8.08138000 -0.09699590 0.54908900
1970 -0.20825300 -0.62488500 -0.01846780 -0.00939398
1971 0.30844400 2.80585000 0.12912800 -0.13565100
1972 -1.48048000 6.65050000 0.63998500 -0.16718900
1973 1.70155000 -8.20486000 0.42551900 1.39353000
1974 -1.09272000 10.85770000 -0.93221200 -1.25836000
1975 3.12166000 -8.25496000 0.27686200 0.22925300
1976 -2.03199000 -3.10275000 -0.44970800 -0.79850000
1977 3.11321000 9.36258000 0.18330700 0.10828500
1978 -4.12994000 -10.83210000 -0.18800200 0.49730800
1979 7.79102000 39.94020000 0.73954600 0.69767400
1980 155.86500000 150.68100000 3.13951000 2.07071000
1981 -93.25980000 -109.96100000 -2.03120000 -2.00542000
1982 211.56100000 160.72500000 1.96385000 1.54477000
1983 -116.53200000 0.57301700 0.94039300 1.50440000
1984 174.76600000 -14.80810000 -1.05559000 -1.40199000
1985 -113.84300000 -114.43000000 -2.14625000 -0.34518800
1986 1.83284000 1.74714000 0.20707600 1.13963000
1987 -2.35159000 -2.02455000 -0.48985100 -2.55445000
1988 12.53270000 10.73160000 0.41505500 1.08536000
1989 30.67050000 28.87240000 0.37311800 -0.71111600
1990 53.78790000 67.25750000 4.79597000 4.36720000
1991 -70.83060000 -77.08500000 -3.36399000 -2.68575000
1992 12.86810000 6.05753000 0.77536500 -0.65623100
1993 -13.35670000 -14.47110000 -0.67602200 -0.33452300
1994 1.18106000 1.83168000 -0.10749300 0.38739800
1995 0.74976100 1.75163000 -0.04454430 -0.81437800
1996 -0.24749100 -0.83509600 0.01100740 0.41245400
1997 -0.41544200 0.44629200 0.10920700 2.20442000
1998 5.14150000 9.28715000 0.29627000 -0.81242400
1999 121.15800000 121.61100000 5.99821000 3.59462000
2000 -85.33460000 -92.46320000 -3.80760000 -3.61974000
2001 4.48049000 47.17170000 4.75510000 4.08159000
2002 -4.45683000 -39.49970000 -2.99836000 -2.34503000
2003 11.72970000 23.18440000 2.10403000 0.99944100
2004 -13.96970000 -21.99740000 -1.63214000 -1.26981000
2005 61.19540000 346.41500000 6.01175000 4.44754000
2006 -38.17850000 -140.28900000 -2.51396000 -0.00663056
2007 12.08580000 -85.29830000 -0.85441700 -1.47924000
2008 3.68631000 4.44479000 0.95362900 -0.83799400
2009 -24.63630000 -23.96510000 -1.85102000 -1.03206000
2010 443.98800000 428.47500000 7.61883000 5.49846000
2011 -218.61500000 -218.08500000 -3.19144000 -0.02373450
2012 -56.21750000 -33.95820000 -1.37732000 -2.90018000
2013 6.26672000 -22.16840000 -0.93094100 3.71781000
2014 63.46090000 162.85200000 7.48842000 -0.41324400
2015 -31.95440000 -100.47000000 -3.12279000 0.46355400
2016 -30.33970000 -32.64370000 -2.53948000 -4.01163000
2017 0.38806000 1.96898000 0.06812650 -0.37466100
2018 -0.31370800 -0.83304600 -0.03554880 -0.68140300
2019 -0.71596800 -0.49045000 0.13241200 2.50855000
2020 1.20905000 0.84923800 -0.08966690 -2.06474000
2021 -1.82703000 0.03675200 0.26291200 0.03150270
2022 2.38252000 1.26008000 -0.16931900 -0.32806900
2023 -0.13154000 -1.95840000 -0.15028300 -0.07231240


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Southern Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.08624730 0.03140640 0.00284318 0.00606081
1952 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1953 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1954 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1955 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1956 -0.59500600 0.03970570 0.00395405 0.00900893
1957 -0.30447900 -1.20435000 -0.01173130 0.00866356
1958 0.20480000 0.98648900 0.03807600 0.05048930
1959 -0.12663400 -0.74511200 0.01854220 -0.02330890
1960 0.49515200 0.17072300 -0.05296590 -0.03027650
1961 0.12003500 0.44211100 -0.00661451 0.03641410
1962 -0.41446500 -0.30718700 0.01569900 -0.04878850
1963 -0.44176700 -0.81083000 -0.03927540 -0.01782830
1964 0.01566950 -0.04885510 0.00816941 0.04793510
1965 0.80535900 0.78042400 0.00745837 -0.04891910
1966 -1.04137000 -0.92274200 -0.01400990 -0.00168625
1967 0.13575800 0.82068400 0.00741587 -0.00217807
1968 -0.08072310 -0.49564700 0.02902320 0.06728650
1969 0.07092870 -0.32700100 -0.03191380 -0.08511270
1970 0.52623200 0.45012100 0.01103100 0.02419320
1971 -0.48033600 0.03610870 -0.01631870 -0.01758090
1972 0.45838400 -0.65018200 -0.00117614 0.02296650
1973 -0.66318900 -0.22839200 -0.01476990 -0.02646870
1974 0.30739800 0.80923400 0.02947290 0.03774190
1975 -0.03490730 -0.25534000 -0.00717265 0.11200100
1976 0.51423000 0.33935800 0.00962351 -0.13654000
1977 -0.64546500 -0.58735800 -0.02696850 0.10283400
1978 -0.13768900 -0.20635300 -0.00029043 -0.08813150
1979 0.16164500 1.02444000 0.14987200 0.31996700
1980 1.48329000 0.69473700 -0.13035400 -0.33991400
1981 -0.98024700 -0.09061510 -0.00863579 0.05814700
1982 0.02562810 2.30958000 0.07670740 0.00031609
1983 -0.09698390 -3.50991000 -0.09183660 -0.01834060
1984 -0.15200700 -0.08558390 -0.01562830 -0.07177770
1985 0.07225200 -0.31628200 0.00292648 0.00717265
1986 -0.09117220 0.44977000 -0.00379394 -0.00183397
1987 0.02572800 -0.34674800 -0.00617856 0.07423650
1988 0.41975900 0.76263900 0.08928050 0.04582100
1989 -0.57405500 -0.88955900 -0.08260220 -0.03281360
1990 0.22201700 0.07154380 0.01078680 -0.09345960
1991 0.03353220 0.87984400 0.12819800 0.30362400
1992 -0.10683700 -0.66008700 -0.12957300 -0.24007000
1993 -0.02372370 0.02825910 0.00905203 -0.03294040
1994 0.82173600 0.09298160 -0.00788949 0.00798237
1995 -0.68289000 0.03886710 0.06599140 0.03012920
1996 0.05686360 -0.14963900 -0.06285050 -0.10709200
1997 0.70147700 1.25336000 0.12917500 0.44362200
1998 -0.19144300 -1.49405000 -0.11968900 -0.23027900
1999 -0.88485300 0.10038800 0.00841101 0.02476460
2000 -0.05085640 -0.01892320 -0.00697760 -0.00776030
2001 0.51663200 1.79725000 0.26128100 -0.00965095
2002 -0.00730467 -1.46580000 -0.24461500 -0.09263710
2003 0.05474360 0.10713500 -0.01155100 -0.12174200
2004 2.16145000 2.72638000 0.25864500 0.24807900
2005 -1.49687000 -2.91666000 -0.23770900 -0.09330370
2006 2.31824000 9.03874000 0.18701900 0.10461300
2007 -2.57757000 -7.63357000 -0.11092500 -0.10997100
2008 0.54188300 -0.71482600 -0.06536930 -0.05959510
2009 -1.41783000 -0.29555100 -0.00992680 -0.06106520
2010 0.37796400 0.19367500 0.00608029 0.09720050
2011 2.19223000 0.48881200 0.23758400 0.08061030
2012 -1.93365000 0.64017100 -0.07837070 -0.01408930
2013 -0.52058000 -1.04436000 -0.01450600 -0.07733360
2014 0.61703600 -0.13843000 -0.14011900 0.04706170
2015 -0.65655200 -0.05501880 0.03400920 -0.02110800
2016 0.78335100 1.33375000 0.13881700 0.05939160
2017 1.74026000 -0.99103700 -0.11253400 -0.15430800
2018 0.09978510 0.31685500 0.26976700 0.22262700
2019 -2.42850000 -0.30829200 -0.30321600 -0.26123800
2020 0.46993200 1.07023000 0.17121700 0.23150700
2021 0.26389400 -0.20504200 -0.00759321 -0.07694530
2022 2.50641000 3.96375000 -0.00246099 -0.02998910
2023 1.64203000 0.18691300 -0.03826720 0.04654270


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Pacific Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L29 L30 L31 L32
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 0.00563926 -0.10063000 -0.00443337 -0.00385990
1952 -0.02347890 -0.03086360 -0.00425279 -0.00751757
1953 0.14558700 -0.05304270 -0.00260852 -0.00091361
1954 0.11186400 0.29419500 0.00667804 0.01325470
1955 -0.06605590 -0.30850000 -0.00794284 -0.01300020
1956 -0.21497300 -0.28815400 0.00140340 0.00909705
1957 -0.18175200 0.08802810 -0.01235930 -0.02855050
1958 -0.06474740 -0.29739200 0.00920698 0.00561965
1959 0.80068600 2.39162000 0.04224220 0.01086680
1960 0.01252470 -1.48278000 -0.03221400 0.01339650
1961 -0.65860200 -1.27153000 -0.02695190 -0.02971520
1962 0.38308600 1.62862000 0.04013200 0.04270860
1963 -0.70590800 -1.70770000 -0.04028440 -0.03201930
1964 0.89049400 1.32386000 0.02394600 0.01225370
1965 -1.40813000 -0.91458000 0.01003890 0.01069280
1966 1.06267000 0.31761000 -0.02230710 -0.01756700
1967 -0.23230200 -0.19832500 -0.00201663 -0.01814220
1968 -0.05540800 -0.17951600 -0.00448636 0.00796429
1969 -1.21080000 -1.15458000 -0.01707380 -0.01319170
1970 1.60047000 1.51461000 0.01261650 0.00182439
1971 0.04931590 0.22705800 0.01210510 0.00493767
1972 -0.45361500 -0.45858500 0.02924430 0.03660600
1973 0.34581900 0.25514200 -0.02782360 -0.02176770
1974 -0.44222900 -0.90411300 -0.03017820 -0.03085300
1975 1.89697000 2.18338000 0.03029560 0.02563120
1976 1.61487000 2.52546000 0.07930970 0.06105170
1977 -2.45669000 -3.01159000 -0.06307580 -0.04100520
1978 -2.25586000 -2.04135000 -0.04046280 0.05562700
1979 1.98339000 1.73539000 0.03602740 -0.07910080
1980 -0.64020400 -0.70653100 0.01163620 0.03054260
1981 -0.70534600 -0.95244000 -0.00131537 -0.01549420
1982 2.04495000 2.54404000 -0.00399364 0.00277348
1983 -0.83705900 -0.82455600 0.00001615 0.00067209
1984 -0.43110400 -0.68266300 -0.03185120 0.00769126
1985 0.94775800 1.35151000 0.03797580 0.00223465
1986 -0.38049700 2.20668000 0.02351280 0.02997130
1987 0.28468400 -2.90561000 -0.02672310 -0.04157880
1988 -1.00373000 -0.32526600 0.00435249 -0.02461920
1989 -0.85044600 -1.74765000 -0.04739660 -0.00211218
1990 -0.58380100 -0.68533100 -0.03818170 -0.03395680
1991 1.53387000 2.15531000 0.04870450 0.03049770
1992 0.59924600 0.38578600 0.01328370 0.02517020
1993 -0.79164300 -0.92935800 -0.00669882 -0.00294574
1994 -1.72169000 -0.66595100 -0.02698370 0.01184930
1995 3.93577000 3.34810000 0.05161750 -0.03354910
1996 -3.74981000 -4.48921000 -0.08285640 -0.03967600
1997 2.55871000 2.94371000 0.07823730 0.06874710
1998 0.54450900 0.78419300 0.00076184 0.00624434
1999 1.18593000 0.60565200 0.02238010 0.00003866
2000 -1.61896000 -1.40564000 -0.03661630 -0.01941700
2001 -0.99542600 -0.97971000 -0.02124840 -0.01867520
2002 1.95499000 1.05492000 0.02506680 0.07521720
2003 0.67637500 1.72400000 0.01873330 -0.03217930
2004 -1.16216000 -0.64779300 0.00094464 -0.00286840
2005 -1.69153000 -2.26067000 -0.02920470 -0.02551650
2006 0.44700200 1.66662000 0.01765990 0.03620040
2007 2.74368000 -0.25117500 -0.00845191 -0.02756210
2008 -2.48373000 2.83713000 0.02762260 0.02280980
2009 -2.28405000 -6.28144000 -0.10292300 -0.08591020
2010 4.38024000 5.27389000 0.16541300 0.19008300
2011 -1.19716000 -1.90273000 -0.08999700 -0.12770400
2012 1.22444000 1.24819000 0.05599850 0.05967060
2013 -0.87159200 -0.22746700 -0.01973580 -0.01781450
2014 -1.02273000 -1.33610000 -0.04421050 -0.05104330
2015 -1.40788000 -1.54078000 -0.03298810 -0.03218340
2016 -1.02456000 -1.68545000 -0.03813960 -0.03416330
2017 1.73783000 3.49827000 0.07538350 0.09980680
2018 -0.73136800 -2.22561000 -0.04806340 -0.10706300
2019 1.33819000 1.94026000 0.04074150 0.05544080
2020 0.04256870 0.06430610 0.00518144 -0.05555970
2021 0.03689430 0.12035200 0.00256456 0.06234160
2022 0.09651930 -0.05893350 -0.00185324 -0.06139730
2023 -0.04886100 -0.00189513 0.00331457 0.06501540

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This is an appendix to: On Thermal Expansion & Thermal Contraction - 50



Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Atlantic Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.28197000 0.23647500 0.12514600 -0.17178300
1952 0.79016300 -0.16630200 -0.07733720 0.23655300
1953 -1.08993000 0.24166800 0.02616420 -0.05635890
1954 -0.62096200 -1.89058000 -1.27677000 0.12567900
1955 -0.00337001 0.01810610 0.02027880 -0.04895790
1956 2.92614000 2.08877000 2.17141000 -0.24371800
1957 -0.28567200 0.29768600 -0.75006400 -1.06513000
1958 -0.18062600 -0.46367400 -0.75764300 -0.73345600
1959 0.13876900 0.30793900 0.57590000 0.60803200
1960 1.31029000 1.31662000 1.29735000 0.62966000
1961 -0.71544600 -0.66569000 -0.89073600 -0.31073400
1962 -0.04637210 -1.25651000 -0.35212900 -0.08037440
1963 -0.98898300 0.22981700 -0.55030100 -0.41181300
1964 0.78331500 1.10424000 1.16566000 0.93613700
1965 0.50720000 0.46177500 0.70228900 0.70746500
1966 -0.45615800 -0.74875200 -1.11696000 -0.60446900
1967 -0.51886700 -0.31859600 -0.24333100 -0.82389800
1968 -0.17734900 -0.58383600 -0.50225400 0.42864500
1969 -0.17195700 -0.10170700 -0.32379500 -1.17400000
1970 -0.02833460 0.25216900 0.25437100 0.16590600
1971 -0.08605550 0.01780670 -0.23159800 0.16938500
1972 0.82261200 0.32746500 0.35588200 -0.33423600
1973 -0.26168500 0.33765900 0.68969200 0.72843200
1974 0.30391700 0.29065300 0.47360100 0.53917800
1975 -0.86602000 -2.09205000 -0.85192200 -1.61439000
1976 0.80955500 0.16187200 -0.91802200 0.12637400
1977 -0.49234500 1.13102000 0.70258700 0.48554000
1978 0.04695080 -0.22740500 -0.38044900 -0.38820700
1979 -0.22232200 0.07764360 0.01902820 0.21836400
1980 -0.53797700 -0.76035500 -0.75593900 -0.67137100
1981 1.19149000 1.38470000 2.38495000 2.74749000
1982 -0.15253500 0.39719500 -1.27865000 -1.54707000
1983 -0.47748100 -0.41890300 1.14225000 0.86405300
1984 0.60696200 -0.11882500 -1.67677000 -2.05431000
1985 0.73708100 0.94572600 1.82646000 1.66847000
1986 -2.49160000 -3.05225000 -2.97835000 -2.59217000
1987 1.17913000 1.69777000 1.58058000 1.36609000
1988 -0.19164600 -0.27491400 -0.75182700 -0.57486500
1989 -1.44164000 -1.35429000 -0.41154900 0.60058100
1990 2.43914000 2.50350000 1.92473000 0.63231800
1991 3.03696000 2.89089000 2.05773000 0.59202800
1992 -3.53538000 -3.15676000 -2.03527000 -0.47138100
1993 0.63627200 0.49601200 0.12169100 -0.02275280
1994 -0.92666400 -0.70357400 -3.38609000 -2.78748000
1995 0.53754200 0.41980700 3.81898000 3.20523000
1996 -1.87051000 -2.45310000 -2.98200000 -2.44408000
1997 6.55403000 3.73957000 9.95418000 12.09730000
1998 -3.44896000 -0.01478890 -5.38426000 -7.58327000
1999 -4.06081000 -5.09744000 -5.22957000 -4.35000000
2000 4.14376000 4.62979000 4.83273000 3.62536000
2001 -0.41547500 0.17311500 -0.16591300 0.48118900
2002 -0.15240500 -1.12902000 -0.13784600 -0.69189800
2003 2.72795000 3.28599000 1.24475000 1.09915000
2004 -1.50108000 -0.95649700 0.58558600 0.02488790
2005 -0.53797800 -1.03728000 -1.26844000 -3.27909000
2006 -2.88199000 -0.50809400 0.19354500 3.77382000
2007 3.82225000 1.12347000 3.19467000 7.83281000
2008 -1.95416000 -1.64560000 -4.86221000 -10.04940000
2009 1.89413000 6.36918000 6.18110000 27.88030000
2010 -1.59109000 -7.77814000 -7.86184000 -23.97510000
2011 -1.61885000 5.87441000 8.27419000 6.07833000
2012 2.28013000 -12.82670000 -9.20379000 4.57194000
2013 -0.05701500 11.64560000 4.09325000 -11.16600000
2014 0.73707300 -1.18446000 -1.34222000 -0.30531100
2015 -0.81809200 -1.59406000 1.98776000 3.94215000
2016 0.59592300 2.14826000 1.09194000 -0.17363400
2017 0.42878900 -0.20871300 3.15537000 2.41231000
2018 -0.62146600 4.40127000 1.80549000 4.10404000
2019 -2.82307000 -6.21688000 -9.47215000 -11.15530000
2020 1.69895000 7.72220000 10.32710000 8.59002000
2021 0.21469800 -8.72522000 -11.60610000 -10.50540000
2022 1.17670000 1.14536000 0.91737100 0.73889500
2023 0.00821931 -1.56661000 -1.04619000 -0.63142600


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Arctic Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.00098704 0.01582630 0.01823850 0.02826370
1952 -0.00876621 -0.04576900 -0.03467680 0.21559100
1953 0.01868410 0.15886300 0.05787700 -0.20194800
1954 -0.02648040 -0.21296800 -0.14000800 -0.09221640
1955 0.00613005 0.01628450 -0.00010874 -0.09108360
1956 0.01152000 0.01188650 0.02373190 0.25580500
1957 -0.01554940 -0.03760290 -0.03223400 -0.26295800
1958 0.00555089 0.02877220 0.03037040 -0.08967700
1959 0.00433934 0.15282000 0.16260900 0.59307300
1960 0.11442300 0.38029800 0.45143300 0.17587000
1961 0.16501200 -0.28154900 -0.50185700 -0.48030500
1962 -0.28053200 -0.35418800 -0.20139100 -0.33122000
1963 0.13140500 0.15349200 0.27999100 0.63141100
1964 -0.10920600 -0.04654730 -0.09595250 -0.50232100
1965 -0.07008440 -0.08854200 -0.22357700 -0.25258500
1966 0.04333340 0.05683540 0.11584000 0.22335500
1967 0.05440590 0.00255247 -0.28309300 -0.68446700
1968 -0.03581470 0.02696550 0.48685200 1.28709000
1969 0.00081311 -0.12362100 -0.43235700 -1.02731000
1970 -0.13195300 -0.19503200 -0.17894700 -0.32408100
1971 0.13629600 0.22011600 0.12946800 0.18398200
1972 -0.03488680 -0.23091500 -0.04638590 0.23900200
1973 0.01233940 0.30638400 0.31164300 0.33225700
1974 -0.10804500 -0.19497700 -0.05261860 1.10564000
1975 0.05181800 0.12889500 0.00600373 -0.56658700
1976 0.02931850 0.09086730 0.36207400 0.30091900
1977 0.10360700 1.10554000 0.56572000 2.55597000
1978 -0.08190410 -0.92304100 -0.59657200 -1.75173000
1979 -0.17114100 -0.31021700 -0.58354400 -1.98191000
1980 0.08890470 0.04675270 0.17253100 0.53640800
1981 0.05967310 0.15973400 0.33100200 0.81367500
1982 -0.08806630 -0.15499400 -0.32933600 -0.44926900
1983 0.08586390 0.02692500 0.13459300 -0.15335500
1984 -0.03615800 -0.00872892 0.00044439 0.06537790
1985 0.10378300 0.20635700 0.54384000 2.32685000
1986 -0.15305900 -0.27956100 -0.80315200 -2.68683000
1987 0.03891780 0.07962210 0.25016900 0.27002300
1988 -0.06391160 -0.05944990 0.28890000 0.56659900
1989 0.10749700 0.14760500 -0.44832200 -0.99357700
1990 0.02772680 0.04397530 0.37759500 0.46677100
1991 -0.05990760 -0.10918900 -0.29456200 -0.12299300
1992 0.06006020 0.03247780 0.32571500 2.39938000
1993 -0.03130860 -0.09394600 -0.32703100 -2.14731000
1994 0.03418390 0.10311400 0.25340800 0.12175500
1995 0.00143403 0.06897650 0.07219720 -0.09789120
1996 0.06222400 0.02259420 -0.00567455 0.17221300
1997 0.00897983 0.05056230 -0.02652060 0.40939700
1998 0.10606500 0.11728800 0.34099400 1.63565000
1999 -0.06519570 -0.08037490 -0.00778297 1.50206000
2000 0.08436980 0.33580200 1.49037000 -1.33645000
2001 -0.06656870 -0.32747900 -2.00121000 -2.66184000
2002 0.03939830 0.02961320 0.64079300 1.03385000
2003 0.01658110 0.02699730 0.03460540 -0.09071490
2004 0.01533290 0.17939900 -0.16113800 0.21248700
2005 0.01407560 -0.08634340 -0.10639700 0.26006700
2006 0.03779060 0.10662700 0.48818600 -0.24482900
2007 0.09687870 0.12774500 0.29414100 1.12341000
2008 -0.08995680 0.86273200 1.86515000 1.21628000
2009 0.13479900 -0.94715700 -2.05518000 -2.30001000
2010 0.09631760 0.16087700 0.31951600 1.59410000
2011 0.19745900 2.00493000 4.49695000 10.89740000
2012 -0.33720600 -2.02847000 -4.40448000 -9.16308000
2013 0.00706033 -0.00208390 -0.33575300 -2.20324000
2014 -0.05648470 -0.21384300 -1.05588000 -1.30030000
2015 0.09355550 0.23721300 1.33300000 1.96731000
2016 0.16443600 0.28385800 0.44661100 0.00611776
2017 -0.10079700 0.74232600 0.58132000 2.23502000
2018 -0.03977390 -1.10071000 -1.31678000 -2.91450000
2019 0.32393000 0.75955200 0.79851800 0.83140700
2020 -0.34322700 -1.01265000 -1.09584000 -0.97961000
2021 0.18462200 0.69102300 1.09127000 7.85737000
2022 -0.10798000 -0.42392700 -1.01156000 -6.67265000
2023 0.47762700 1.51991000 3.98156000 18.74190000


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Indian Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.00443199 -0.01365570 -0.15854300 -0.37025900
1952 0.76726300 1.34402000 22.33480000 24.38270000
1953 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1954 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1955 15.45150000 23.04960000 26.36620000 27.59080000
1956 -14.84660000 -18.25770000 -20.37300000 -21.76790000
1957 -0.25801200 -0.32196800 -0.01363960 0.67404900
1958 0.40061500 0.58537000 0.18991400 -1.05361000
1959 -0.22912400 -0.20804500 -0.18234500 -0.05680840
1960 0.13984300 0.08399900 -0.01563370 -0.14243400
1961 -0.04576190 0.04075720 0.01839570 -0.09610370
1962 0.04970440 0.02444810 -0.05866380 -0.12418600
1963 -0.08214770 0.04816390 0.30092300 0.38277600
1964 0.11995900 -0.10044500 -0.17226900 0.09426540
1965 -0.02081000 -0.06687060 -0.07101500 -0.09894890
1966 0.28695600 0.34341500 0.00873627 -0.02214010
1967 0.09254000 -0.27404700 -0.21230200 -0.14156500
1968 -0.55802000 -0.10630700 -0.05837590 0.03199450
1969 -0.03732440 -0.08929480 0.09187630 -0.12901000
1970 0.04433630 -0.09023980 -0.22740500 -0.18119300
1971 0.00234500 0.00651369 0.18528500 0.24802100
1972 -0.02203620 0.07363050 -0.39200400 -1.27296000
1973 -0.08691770 0.02148570 0.52596100 1.27817000
1974 -0.33388900 -0.53251000 -1.41863000 -1.14524000
1975 -0.36572000 1.04851000 1.82772000 1.63851000
1976 1.51853000 -0.12056200 -0.09393250 -0.13718000
1977 -0.15145800 0.67228200 1.23871000 1.00634000
1978 -0.44569200 -1.21729000 -2.02606000 -1.88017000
1979 0.49532400 0.47921600 1.13250000 6.32500000
1980 0.56526500 -0.03303480 -0.03527680 85.78740000
1981 -0.98209600 1.45994000 1.20714000 -58.27350000
1982 -0.53202900 -2.18776000 5.56250000 230.66600000
1983 0.08614300 -0.13513900 -7.48702000 -114.31300000
1984 8.01493000 66.99320000 213.06000000 223.53800000
1985 -7.18260000 -42.18400000 -101.32600000 -111.47600000
1986 0.02202590 1.79685000 1.92242000 1.85055000
1987 0.36103500 -1.38879000 -1.42603000 -1.67481000
1988 0.92481800 1.50562000 5.87984000 11.57340000
1989 -0.44611400 22.82480000 15.88160000 9.00736000
1990 -1.07146000 -20.20100000 -17.47130000 56.45040000
1991 1.36386000 1.39326000 -1.08874000 -56.36300000
1992 -0.77967600 -0.24097100 -0.03942150 5.86201000
1993 -0.40216900 -1.37636000 -1.53158000 -7.13576000
1994 0.44614600 0.86175800 0.75788200 1.15318000
1995 -0.01175920 0.07643580 0.21991800 0.30269200
1996 -0.17621600 -0.21338700 0.14796700 0.28109000
1997 0.42782700 0.58495000 0.23920700 -0.43391000
1998 0.78122000 2.23852000 5.26712000 5.61408000
1999 -1.57768000 -3.21982000 54.34520000 97.60690000
2000 0.34882600 0.35749300 -44.97430000 -70.54990000
2001 0.07948950 0.79195800 0.83993800 0.93194200
2002 -0.31379200 -1.06658000 -0.57531600 -1.11305000
2003 0.32897100 0.16512600 13.63870000 -0.22867100
2004 27.40960000 -0.88703500 -14.10020000 -2.32027000
2005 -22.69270000 1.37407000 4.61602000 26.42100000
2006 1.35834000 0.39637300 -1.15515000 -10.96260000
2007 -0.31022800 3.43488000 -3.02403000 -9.43481000
2008 0.71902800 28.97920000 40.21930000 26.72860000
2009 26.55260000 -27.95820000 14.56580000 -24.35670000
2010 -15.12150000 83.24020000 68.26290000 414.76700000
2011 -8.44272000 -56.95790000 -86.83010000 -202.51700000
2012 0.06534630 1.99538000 0.46458100 -0.49379900
2013 0.39836800 2.67374000 4.22708000 5.87050000
2014 0.62291400 10.65990000 17.64930000 22.01360000
2015 -0.58925100 -10.99190000 -11.11590000 -13.50780000
2016 -0.39344000 -1.82415000 -9.65862000 -13.44680000
2017 0.19711400 0.24212000 -0.32986900 -0.53917800
2018 -0.06184580 -0.70628300 -0.72271000 -0.00322273
2019 0.09848140 0.42978500 0.27240600 -0.57868700
2020 -0.28824500 -0.26793500 0.33245600 1.34933000
2021 0.45277700 -0.23255600 -0.88572400 -1.31504000
2022 -0.06937350 0.34334000 1.08675000 1.65884000
2023 -0.65288400 -0.11718800 -0.36751600 -0.32118900


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Pacific Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -0.00658012 -0.02304950 -0.02029590 0.00460101
1952 0.01455160 -0.01990840 -0.03192440 -0.03995410
1953 -0.21296100 -0.09695840 0.00049991 0.09889660
1954 0.03225680 0.04845490 0.08575300 0.11507900
1955 0.06493420 0.00923447 -0.05012350 -0.09114150
1956 0.06447890 0.04657350 -0.05377700 -0.18197300
1957 0.00812261 0.05045440 0.13749400 -0.02658970
1958 -0.13253000 -0.15010700 -0.10805200 0.08694610
1959 0.36655400 0.51489200 0.46281700 0.49111900
1960 -0.42513100 -0.48955300 -0.25581300 0.00149863
1961 0.07980500 -0.03381770 -0.34693900 -0.58607100
1962 0.17978700 0.23961000 0.42042700 0.45824000
1963 0.16437300 0.09065920 -0.14074600 -0.42108600
1964 -0.11526900 0.00566063 0.05230210 0.34303900
1965 -0.16774300 -0.21650500 -0.32337400 -0.89600600
1966 -0.26370900 -0.18776500 0.09175310 0.68891400
1967 0.08587390 0.05105490 0.01523930 -0.03742430
1968 0.13466200 0.11284900 -0.10874700 -0.17611500
1969 0.06895640 0.13949800 0.18118300 -0.52685400
1970 -0.10676000 -0.20488600 -0.09402720 0.71766800
1971 -0.04824320 -0.08841710 -0.15176100 0.04871080
1972 -0.05267690 0.08284270 0.09717680 -0.17202500
1973 0.20569600 -0.01002950 0.23464600 0.17225900
1974 -0.18057400 -0.07663190 -0.12128400 -0.15126300
1975 -0.04123050 0.25855100 0.14176800 1.11043000
1976 0.02784450 -0.13771600 0.81036600 0.49771900
1977 0.44121600 -0.21983900 -0.93536000 -1.22019000
1978 0.92929700 0.60327500 -0.74977700 -1.62385000
1979 -0.87320700 -0.01474750 0.65299700 1.56888000
1980 -0.96107800 -0.70240800 -0.27982200 -0.55408000
1981 1.26591000 0.50324000 -0.21594100 -0.62561300
1982 -0.68837800 0.31137300 0.66785900 1.73379000
1983 -0.29558400 -0.89612200 -0.64157900 -1.01587000
1984 0.10140100 0.29017900 0.33172500 -0.19104700
1985 0.22480200 -0.38265300 -0.26206100 0.45994400
1986 0.69431100 1.18057000 0.65111700 -0.04903850
1987 -0.82064500 -0.83353000 -0.82528100 0.28866100
1988 0.79900700 0.61133800 0.88289000 0.20452900
1989 -0.17408900 -0.51549100 -1.17727000 -1.75056000
1990 0.43241700 0.63883200 0.70123600 0.14269000
1991 -1.17394000 -0.81851200 -0.13428900 0.65067500
1992 -0.06730710 0.07192640 0.32075400 0.64259700
1993 -0.15154800 -0.18970300 -0.31333800 -0.62799000
1994 0.45853100 0.62329500 0.67142600 0.02235740
1995 -0.54489100 -0.50064400 -0.15831900 1.15543000
1996 0.08858290 0.04018680 0.04905560 -1.93851000
1997 0.08918560 -0.16621400 -0.69037700 1.21585000
1998 0.24895000 0.06495700 0.69468800 0.58077600
1999 -0.50366300 0.16555400 0.23546800 0.77567200
2000 0.06032840 -0.14926100 -0.07623330 -0.90450900
2001 0.55433300 0.34523500 -0.61484300 -0.75530600
2002 -0.40526400 -0.11724700 0.77237200 1.57157000
2003 -0.15444700 -0.24735600 -0.24401400 -0.02284550
2004 -0.21456000 15.49760000 20.54130000 -0.71363000
2005 0.42270000 -13.75330000 -18.27600000 -0.58869300
2006 -0.34641500 -0.13288800 -0.06950080 -0.26047700
2007 1.80084000 0.15734800 24.84560000 1.92266000
2008 -1.01034000 -0.27664200 -10.37120000 -1.68336000
2009 0.89277400 1.24642000 1.11006000 -1.28664000
2010 1.55309000 -1.26776000 -13.36470000 2.69004000
2011 -2.30191000 1.24096000 7.73497000 -0.77599600
2012 0.14646200 -1.16546000 4.15759000 0.68242600
2013 0.21642300 0.50792600 -12.07950000 -1.66097000
2014 -0.50060000 0.06311330 0.59304200 0.72052100
2015 0.45392800 1.02048000 0.47394400 -0.03362760
2016 0.23610000 0.59125100 -0.06449970 -0.99812600
2017 -0.99625300 -2.18187000 -0.89659100 0.50457600
2018 3.51253000 1.90789000 1.21616000 0.20043900
2019 3.07754000 -1.17718000 -0.69153900 0.22392600
2020 -6.30271000 -0.31168900 -0.42259100 -0.21663300
2021 -0.07833160 0.10971200 0.16203800 0.29169400
2022 0.13925300 0.06308970 0.31212900 0.16904500
2023 -0.01975960 -0.13538100 -0.22111400 -0.20132800


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Misc_2 Oceans seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -1.56735000 0.65238600 2.81636000 -0.73245700
1952 9.64500000 4.96347000 2.02194000 0.24763100
1953 -1.15661000 -1.90758000 -2.61391000 -3.81411000
1954 -0.25157800 3.08711000 5.78575000 2.38033000
1955 0.05953040 -0.68690500 -0.49052900 0.22533300
1956 0.02958500 6.61237000 8.15368000 8.73376000
1957 -0.02183430 -2.29835000 -4.37566000 -6.23825000
1958 17.70030000 23.49580000 25.55930000 25.32900000
1959 -3.32751000 -4.86098000 -8.51013000 -3.06865000
1960 0.08160790 0.18898100 -4.65716000 -8.43686000
1961 -0.01114000 0.02991260 0.04859210 0.02646960
1962 -0.01931550 -0.07769530 -0.21275500 -0.04429540
1963 -0.02681740 0.18036200 0.41627200 11.94550000
1964 -0.02126780 -0.24614400 0.33929600 -5.30508000
1965 0.39970000 -0.00577206 -0.99170100 -4.16268000
1966 -0.27437100 0.02988240 0.01966230 0.14219500
1967 0.27880900 0.31246700 0.42105600 1.03181000
1968 -0.27245900 -0.42404900 -0.42085400 -1.08123000
1969 0.44658800 0.06628970 -0.11665100 0.16007300
1970 -0.36946000 -0.03741910 3.02922000 4.79919000
1971 1.12468000 -0.04708440 -2.07822000 -3.28655000
1972 -0.15515700 -0.07211990 -0.00096014 8.66533000
1973 -0.66249600 -0.10853700 -0.17093700 -5.44380000
1974 0.08169960 0.19939600 0.15533400 12.39620000
1975 0.07159040 -0.08527800 -0.18374900 -7.15510000
1976 0.26779400 0.37559300 0.36330700 0.05468670
1977 0.07607280 0.04815610 0.01777380 -0.06458700
1978 -0.18966200 -0.13459000 -0.18421700 -0.01634360
1979 0.12927300 0.07567160 -0.16047400 0.06280310
1980 -0.02871520 0.02542270 0.27955500 0.01054200
1981 -0.20687100 -0.16937700 -0.09088100 -0.07708290
1982 -0.13920900 -0.19027700 -0.18304100 -0.47666600
1983 0.67377900 0.59853700 0.40182600 8.03998000
1984 -0.53545500 -0.56942200 -0.39128200 -5.45891000
1985 0.82470500 0.62536200 -0.01023850 0.60334700
1986 -0.42304900 -0.43133300 -0.00587193 -0.60579300
1987 0.57901700 0.48800700 0.44189800 0.27276600
1988 -0.06219940 -0.41686300 -0.40195100 0.43186700
1989 -0.38919900 0.01423370 0.56500500 -0.05111530
1990 0.70749700 0.61654700 -0.01191600 -0.64523000
1991 -0.42494700 -0.58272600 -0.01701340 0.70669400
1992 0.26655400 0.46399300 -0.06346020 0.00183163
1993 -0.08010030 -0.02446730 -0.25989100 -0.70553500
1994 -0.01352310 -0.02388320 0.25157300 0.26397200
1995 0.20546000 0.17387200 0.11544400 0.30685500
1996 -1.02383000 -1.18148000 -0.97746600 0.29441100
1997 0.72143800 0.51213700 0.52198400 -0.77177600
1998 -0.45542500 -0.39489900 -0.16673800 0.82615200
1999 0.40509000 0.47940600 0.01079500 -0.76634900
2000 -0.29901600 -0.56755100 0.19923500 0.04629640
2001 -0.22986200 -0.13745900 0.54627800 1.46737000
2002 0.15936800 0.30056900 -1.05619000 9.54699000
2003 -0.35625200 -0.79848700 0.00881142 -7.98113000
2004 0.43094100 0.82244700 -0.01032610 -0.00737034
2005 -0.10143100 -0.54135400 0.03054490 4.86500000
2006 0.88881800 1.29126000 -0.01585470 -4.00057000
2007 2.13200000 0.49072200 0.41636100 0.01115060
2008 -1.37497000 -1.45807000 -0.43482300 -0.01213450
2009 0.48574200 0.55356500 0.02291310 0.01692280
2010 1.20047000 0.51651100 -0.02368550 -0.03214490
2011 1.13853000 -0.98354200 16.91780000 34.28160000
2012 -0.82344800 0.25039400 -9.36736000 -18.11980000
2013 -0.03563270 1.63391000 -0.03583940 1.03576000
2014 0.12751700 -0.80989100 0.16758700 24.51270000
2015 0.14798900 1.93509000 0.85230300 37.09820000
2016 -0.14477700 0.22204400 -0.05528320 -31.54710000
2017 0.11595700 -0.97667300 -0.88308000 20.95120000
2018 0.31604900 0.81685200 0.96931800 51.55550000
2019 -0.21189400 0.07647860 0.08365470 -0.18001400
2020 -0.23336500 0.28331700 62.92980000 24.72410000
2021 0.29146000 -0.35119600 -24.87210000 -45.74780000
2022 -0.08514820 0.00177869 0.01240690 -0.01002290
2023 -0.67039600 126.86300000 244.44400000 306.65700000


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Misc_1 Oceans seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 -1.71444000 -2.04059000 -2.06935000 -2.91628000
1952 0.88449800 0.84000100 3.23199000 5.99304000
1953 -0.14258700 -0.13062300 -1.05590000 -0.98228800
1954 0.01618500 -0.01083240 -1.89907000 -2.99448000
1955 -6.30274000 0.45986000 1.15019000 2.14832000
1956 5.29774000 0.62981700 4.65466000 16.06130000
1957 -6.24681000 3.94195000 -0.87823400 -9.02972000
1958 5.45844000 -4.95905000 -4.94179000 -8.56340000
1959 -4.29860000 -10.96960000 -11.93450000 -12.93420000
1960 -3.56554000 14.88400000 16.22430000 14.92630000
1961 2.09520000 -5.09452000 -1.03653000 -0.71266000
1962 7.77218000 4.68250000 0.95659200 1.13478000
1963 -10.09660000 -4.81498000 -0.46618700 8.98843000
1964 0.96872600 -10.90450000 -12.95230000 -20.87270000
1965 -2.46557000 -12.65810000 -13.85600000 -13.37810000
1966 -1.12053000 9.88659000 3.19970000 0.20614000
1967 9.15884000 24.30210000 27.71350000 27.29510000
1968 -1.70264000 -15.49270000 -7.78962000 -15.77630000
1969 -4.13592000 -14.26780000 9.41476000 20.32160000
1970 23.43070000 43.14090000 1.68225000 1.06968000
1971 -14.50860000 -19.68980000 -22.90140000 -29.53160000
1972 -11.94150000 -13.45620000 1.74022000 7.55569000
1973 30.27090000 43.78160000 -9.16704000 32.12310000
1974 0.29875000 1.53932000 36.02330000 2.11054000
1975 -6.34290000 -1.76015000 2.20330000 -4.51598000
1976 -16.50940000 -28.03690000 -28.70340000 -29.18370000
1977 0.96061300 42.29560000 36.11610000 40.49400000
1978 19.54580000 2.66358000 -0.24918300 1.12419000
1979 -19.97980000 -34.15030000 -36.15890000 -37.17070000
1980 42.68980000 58.54000000 58.85240000 46.91140000
1981 -26.42150000 -39.80080000 -35.98200000 -36.02170000
1982 11.93530000 53.55110000 54.77980000 86.58420000
1983 -11.81300000 -36.71690000 -42.65120000 -57.06590000
1984 8.38426000 15.53380000 12.00260000 -4.47199000
1985 -7.55928000 -6.13632000 -3.61454000 -1.45761000
1986 -0.84554200 -7.69680000 -7.23200000 -1.91157000
1987 -10.73090000 -20.33330000 -24.44910000 -6.03658000
1988 33.66550000 19.79260000 25.23840000 8.15184000
1989 -19.35380000 0.10011600 1.79702000 4.34106000
1990 -0.10905500 -1.80479000 -3.00529000 3.87079000
1991 3.66341000 1.74231000 -0.68202700 -12.88160000
1992 -5.54489000 -0.29807200 -2.00477000 -3.32886000
1993 13.84200000 72.54030000 135.90300000 149.71800000
1994 -7.49807000 -61.43140000 -99.95940000 -94.81960000
1995 -17.78050000 -24.16670000 -10.62680000 -21.51600000
1996 39.03540000 57.94360000 47.04840000 18.78690000
1997 49.65480000 31.55990000 62.60480000 92.95770000
1998 0.99350300 7.19938000 -16.87160000 -28.06160000
1999 0.61498300 1.24512000 2.01200000 2.98652000
2000 0.65076200 8.54237000 38.79740000 37.63220000
2001 -66.17840000 -76.84160000 -45.39750000 -43.33380000
2002 45.65010000 99.18290000 1.67394000 -6.76289000
2003 39.01810000 -8.82239000 9.60439000 8.56166000
2004 -10.81050000 69.54300000 -3.62958000 21.03630000
2005 -74.14300000 -37.79960000 30.66910000 -15.02050000
2006 1.44039000 -101.74800000 -111.31400000 -103.26600000
2007 76.74740000 93.11370000 81.45010000 49.32770000
2008 -31.23590000 -47.57400000 -62.64210000 -45.38480000
2009 9.10568000 32.80110000 19.42400000 35.39080000
2010 21.87590000 29.75830000 65.03150000 95.32130000
2011 -0.93879000 -33.74820000 -14.80250000 -33.02800000
2012 8.83770000 47.84070000 96.36450000 62.10750000
2013 -70.80010000 -46.15830000 -43.34490000 0.83806100
2014 -6.57230000 0.13545900 6.31804000 8.72806000
2015 11.30570000 10.93240000 -19.73040000 -10.99010000
2016 3.05962000 -11.44440000 -33.28000000 -40.30040000
2017 -9.93665000 0.89986000 2.31765000 3.65808000
2018 0.93140000 3.06098000 -0.24756500 -23.77870000
2019 -0.42417000 12.81750000 27.33960000 21.23200000
2020 -38.90760000 -101.25700000 -132.49700000 -130.95300000
2021 18.83860000 -3.41988000 0.12917500 -1.52785000
2022 3.37696000 5.40298000 17.16840000 10.63120000
2023 17.69750000 3.23483000 4.08141000 29.23940000


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Southern Ocean seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 0.06057240 -0.04880350 -0.08329520 -0.10287600
1952 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1953 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1954 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1955 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1956 -0.11891700 -0.04077550 -0.16535500 -0.57034700
1957 0.02409280 0.06678180 -0.04498740 -0.14000400
1958 0.00840453 -0.03123670 0.03884460 0.10100000
1959 0.03228330 0.04929860 0.02883830 0.02011260
1960 0.20673100 0.24400000 0.53169800 0.05395300
1961 -0.01408270 -0.03728380 -0.31548000 0.33738100
1962 -0.03525590 -0.09436400 -0.11738200 -0.22531400
1963 -0.19766200 -0.16675900 -0.22571900 -0.35163200
1964 0.40448300 0.40861300 0.46805700 0.45048800
1965 -0.39785100 -0.03239760 0.38479900 0.35783700
1966 -0.15680400 -0.56762000 -1.02476000 -0.99855200
1967 0.10458300 0.06118370 0.08278720 0.10625600
1968 -0.19885800 -0.10471300 -0.07985630 -0.02250910
1969 0.05236140 0.01656390 -0.02251410 -0.01379020
1970 0.08013950 0.14513600 0.25469500 0.22194300
1971 -0.04393690 -0.09837020 -0.16959800 -0.15377100
1972 -0.17203700 0.49600700 0.43050500 0.33303000
1973 0.15043800 -0.57481000 -0.54276500 -0.47867000
1974 0.23342000 0.25594900 0.44787100 0.13171500
1975 -0.04652480 -0.04588710 -0.21396700 0.03901720
1976 0.44730200 0.43078700 0.52840900 0.51798500
1977 -0.34407000 -0.17851200 -0.06600200 -0.58288000
1978 -0.25846100 -0.39149100 -0.58648700 -0.03057860
1979 0.69124200 1.11460000 0.89921200 0.82754300
1980 -0.63030900 -1.05133000 -0.12158100 0.20050200
1981 0.43003400 0.49408900 -0.52557500 -0.72996800
1982 -0.78731100 -1.12497000 -0.45857200 0.03129920
1983 0.19517100 0.36881300 0.15765500 -0.19175900
1984 0.28296800 0.12643900 0.05894020 -0.16404700
1985 -0.09328820 0.08005340 0.17157100 0.10412500
1986 -0.08243970 -0.01835810 -0.14689400 -0.06681460
1987 -0.21956100 -0.24318400 -0.12091500 -0.03485890
1988 1.15909000 1.30747000 0.21516700 0.29417400
1989 -0.84411300 -1.11251000 -0.15950900 -0.38399000
1990 -0.26268100 -0.13930800 -0.01574490 0.11490000
1991 0.04670790 0.02754740 0.00094011 0.06585630
1992 -0.13256300 0.00937599 -0.07082810 0.10495100
1993 0.16824500 0.01554260 0.05662950 -0.25158200
1994 1.48919000 1.56845000 1.77248000 1.71407000
1995 -1.44446000 -1.43599000 -1.58382000 -1.49824000
1996 0.05571500 -0.02959060 -0.06704820 -0.03879430
1997 -0.04329510 -0.16189400 -0.09355070 0.47131300
1998 0.57819100 0.67911400 0.58816500 -0.02311480
1999 -0.62111500 -0.59361800 -0.66525000 -0.73374800
2000 1.42295000 1.07129000 0.03063270 -0.04313600
2001 -1.66712000 -1.39956000 -0.02689050 0.22244700
2002 0.15957800 0.21639600 0.27342300 0.27483400
2003 0.61605300 0.55525400 0.03831070 0.41911500
2004 0.32293300 0.55671100 1.67170000 1.14630000
2005 -0.45655000 -0.58254400 -1.14120000 -1.04874000
2006 4.21920000 5.29094000 3.99443000 2.89200000
2007 -3.04933000 -3.93551000 -4.20274000 -2.42690000
2008 0.76036500 0.70945400 1.45666000 0.52763500
2009 -2.08919000 -2.71789000 -0.79123000 -1.54057000
2010 0.51603700 0.47509000 -0.85429400 -0.05668940
2011 3.00688000 2.06670000 2.17198000 2.15958000
2012 -2.90076000 -1.72686000 -2.25354000 -1.93077000
2013 -0.69280900 -0.46220100 -0.15537300 -0.58844500
2014 0.46586600 0.40358100 0.37581000 0.82058800
2015 -0.39362500 -0.34791000 -0.21629900 -0.66431600
2016 -0.03662130 0.31367800 0.33063100 0.76898000
2017 1.25357000 1.41046000 2.35160000 2.00999000
2018 0.99604300 0.57675700 -0.22731400 -0.23781100
2019 -1.41617000 -2.13502000 -2.31728000 -2.44202000
2020 -0.20937100 0.19478300 0.22284500 0.45746700
2021 -0.10493300 0.16325600 0.12569100 0.23529200
2022 0.56574800 0.34653000 0.48195300 0.26551300
2023 0.13018000 5.13021000 4.64394000 4.12304000


Thermosteric expansion and contraction
of Misc_3 Oceans seawater (millimeters)
(@ 4 of 32 WOD depth levels)

year L25 L26 L27 L28
1950 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
1951 0.00646290 -0.52541900 -0.96236600 -3.45095000
1952 0.00218257 -0.00349628 1.87325000 1.28651000
1953 -0.00589515 0.26609000 -1.25271000 2.54283000
1954 2.26947000 1.59809000 1.34610000 -2.93593000
1955 0.05376060 0.15627500 0.23680600 -2.84749000
1956 1.61413000 0.13999500 9.45318000 33.03070000
1957 -0.45232400 0.42548900 -5.73520000 -17.90850000
1958 -1.75429000 -2.65427000 -3.85213000 -4.70497000
1959 -1.71296000 2.65166000 4.89933000 6.51370000
1960 -0.18966900 -1.60187000 -2.61555000 -1.72358000
1961 0.04867980 0.38325400 -0.68261000 -3.85451000
1962 6.51293000 7.24247000 0.08644370 3.33348000
1963 -0.04142720 -0.46858300 7.72350000 -2.05567000
1964 -2.39419000 -3.22430000 -4.11977000 0.05999320
1965 8.24600000 9.14591000 10.19720000 -0.02917720
1966 -0.62674500 -0.29715800 -0.02155600 0.03139240
1967 -3.18130000 -4.43277000 -5.82709000 0.02980900
1968 -0.24382400 -0.31309300 -0.38988300 -0.03234830
1969 0.25246000 0.30406000 0.36926900 0.00603465
1970 0.00347371 0.63735800 0.76590900 0.85117200
1971 -0.00003013 -0.68899500 1.26901000 9.26516000
1972 -0.21912300 0.02602330 15.89180000 -7.06127000
1973 13.66070000 14.85090000 -9.78428000 1.22646000
1974 -4.88966000 -6.68921000 -1.00441000 -1.19765000
1975 3.56095000 14.31400000 15.61390000 49.41860000
1976 -2.12158000 -6.75054000 -6.89823000 -18.91450000
1977 13.64800000 14.74610000 16.54380000 -4.25991000
1978 -2.04898000 -3.36612000 -8.86926000 -1.99206000
1979 2.46831000 3.93947000 6.13229000 -1.02109000
1980 -5.10619000 -7.19149000 -9.76141000 -7.22811000
1981 4.66460000 5.51377000 6.37263000 2.89559000
1982 9.67185000 11.93390000 13.91040000 -0.24322500
1983 5.11015000 4.82374000 -0.05066900 2.14208000
1984 -5.61645000 -7.82120000 -6.32919000 7.87740000
1985 -6.25251000 -7.46181000 -8.48927000 -3.37723000
1986 0.09000130 -0.07844250 4.80919000 7.41575000
1987 -0.07062960 0.08790690 -3.11872000 -6.51846000
1988 7.03853000 13.93430000 19.22430000 11.39830000
1989 -3.81786000 -7.42390000 -10.42180000 -2.48602000
1990 -0.12099000 0.01448200 7.93586000 -0.81037100
1991 -0.42484700 3.67769000 -2.73682000 3.46449000
1992 31.81170000 37.47610000 14.17410000 -0.65127900
1993 -8.08509000 -15.27610000 -2.99541000 0.99429300
1994 9.67802000 -0.41571400 -6.61601000 -2.23814000
1995 5.55262000 10.21340000 14.30280000 5.39061000
1996 -2.78020000 -7.10234000 -10.78690000 -14.07360000
1997 1.73560000 6.62757000 10.46910000 13.75010000
1998 0.41278800 -2.59687000 -4.53915000 -6.64794000
1999 1.73823000 2.07934000 2.12376000 2.05134000
2000 -6.81199000 -8.23838000 -9.34020000 -0.34480900
2001 0.00494872 5.23385000 20.26830000 3.10768000
2002 -3.12702000 -7.81568000 -18.14740000 -15.62250000
2003 30.62740000 36.65090000 41.53700000 33.24370000
2004 -9.30431000 -12.41160000 -7.03214000 -10.53210000
2005 18.72220000 -5.29720000 -7.44000000 1.66419000
2006 -11.38380000 12.97150000 7.96661000 2.87418000
2007 0.03586360 -7.83141000 -13.69980000 -7.83136000
2008 38.52300000 38.93950000 37.61090000 9.85274000
2009 0.14296100 0.08842860 0.38645200 0.89378200
2010 -12.80560000 -14.75940000 18.30350000 8.54370000
2011 43.20230000 85.65560000 38.98130000 66.54380000
2012 -18.16670000 -34.52350000 -43.87640000 -53.34800000
2013 6.19608000 26.27050000 25.50660000 3.35782000
2014 20.07510000 -4.31996000 3.36559000 10.99390000
2015 -2.14216000 17.00390000 45.26060000 63.85950000
2016 -0.14235300 19.69910000 -0.84042900 -0.69764100
2017 -13.31360000 -18.18490000 -0.99219200 201.93600000
2018 36.74960000 2.08893000 158.75900000 -3.97798000
2019 -0.42299800 -1.63294000 -105.72100000 5.24053000
2020 -14.00750000 87.90360000 160.18000000 -8.85385000
2021 -0.20061400 -60.34040000 -112.99000000 -149.53500000
2022 38.08990000 0.52796400 0.65559600 0.87566000
2023 -0.11424300 157.70700000 290.55400000 363.39300000