The Saturation Chronicles - 17

Where da photons at?

In the previous post of this series I included links to, Aerosol absorption has an underappreciated role in historical precipitation change) and Dr. James Hansen weighs in).

I searched those papers for the words "photon" and "infrared" in them, but since those words are not contained in them,  I googled for papers in Nature and elsewhere containing "La Nina" and "El Nino", then searched those papers that google found for "photon" (but came up empty).

I was quite surprised because perhaps universities lately are not teaching the law of thermodynamics nor the basic nature of heat science?

But relax, because the word "photon" still appears in, for example, Wikipedia and Britannica and Nature Photonics.

Thus, it is not surprising that myths abound concerning heat in the ocean, because it seems to be commonly believed that "light" (e.g. photons) cannot go very deep into the ocean (a few meters?).

But, perhaps that myth is fading?. 

Notice:

"On our watery planet, the ocean is the primary regulator of global climate by continuous radiative, mechanical and gaseous exchanges with the atmosphere. In particular, the ocean absorbs, stores, and transports through its flow motion (i.e., currents) heat from the sun affecting atmospheric temperature and circulation around the world. Furthermore, seawater is the source of most precipitation. The ocean is much more efficient at storing heat (93% of the excess of energy resulting from the human induced Green House Gases content in the atmosphere) than the continents (3%) and the atmosphere (1%). As a result, the ocean is the slow component of the climate system and has a moderating effect on climate changes. However, consequent to the continuous absorption by the ocean of the human induced excess of heat, ocean waters are warming, which has consequences on the ocean’s properties and dynamics, on its exchanges with the atmosphere and on the habitats of marine ecosystems. For a long time, discussions of climate change did not take the oceans fully into account, simply because there was very little knowledge about the latter. Nonetheless, our ability to understand and anticipate what might happen to Earth’s climate in the future, depends on our understanding of the role of the ocean in climate."

(Ocean Climate Org, emphasis added). Note that "heat from the Sun" is photon flow, i.e. photon current (Radiation Heat Transfer).

Here on Dredd Blog photon reality is discussed in the context of Oceanography (In Search Of Ocean Heat, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20; The Photon Current, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , 17, 18, 19, 20, 21;  Patterns: Conservative Temperature & Potential Enthalpy, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). 

Current knowledge is insufficient.

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.

---

A lack of photon knowledge can lead to:

---

A Tale of Coup Cities - 15

New York Times

The following exclamation was posted on Dredd Blog sometime back, and I am sure it was laughed at by those who will still laugh at it: "See you in the camps, and see what this very aware Ret. Army Colonel says".

There are "camps" (now called detention centers) being prepared all around the US these daze.

For example:

"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) operates or contracts dozens of detention centers across the U.S. to hold individuals for immigration violations, with high concentrations in Texas, California, and Louisiana. Major, long-term facilities include the Dilley Immigration Processing Center, South Texas ICE Processing Center, and Adelanto ICE Processing Center. Key ICE Detention Centers (by region): Texas: Dilley (South Texas Family Residential Center), Port Isabel Service Processing Center, Houston Contract Detention Facility, Joe Corley Detention Facility, East Hidalgo Detention Center, El Valle Detention Facility, Prairieland Detention Center, South Texas ICE Processing Center, Eden Detention Center, El Paso Processing Center. California: Adelanto ICE Processing Center, Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center, Otay Mesa Detention Center, Imperial Regional Detention Facility. Louisiana/Southeast: LaSalle Detention Center, South Louisiana Correctional Center, Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center, Stewart Detention Center (Georgia), Irwin County Detention Center (Georgia). Other Major Facilities: Aurora Contract Detention Facility (Colorado), Elizabeth Detention Center (New Jersey), Eloy Detention Center (Arizona), Florence Correctional Center (Arizona), Broward Transitional Center (Florida). Locating Detained Individuals To find a specific person in detention, use the official ICE Online Detainee Locator System. Note: This list is not exhaustive as ICE utilizes numerous local jails and contracted facilities that may change." (AI Overview)

Also: Proposed ICE Facility Threatens Byhalia, Mississippi Economy and Infrastructure

The previous post in this series is here.

---

Journalists O'Donnell and Maddow call them "Prison Camps":

---

MOMCOM is Queen Jane (approximently):

---

The Saturation Chronicles - 16

How Do These Totals Change?

Another reason that saturation is a valid suspect in global average temperature increases, in my opinion, is that even with all of the excellent formulas and tools for detecting the gases that make up 100% of the contents of a given quantity of the Earth's atmosphere, the quantity variation is not completely explained.

The Keeling_Curve, Greenhouse_gas_monitoring, and Ideal_gas_law explain it in great detail (this and this detail aerosol difficulties).

However the atmospheric gas contents in a particular space in one moment do not explain where atoms go when the totals listed in the graph above change.

For example, the graph above indicates that, in a specified volume of atmosphere, there are:

780,90 or 0757,473 Nitrogen atoms (ppm)

209,360 or 203,079 Oxygen atoms

0 or 30,000 Water vapor atoms/molecules

9,300 or 9,021 Argon atoms

413 or 400.6 Carbon Dioxide atoms/molecules

18 or 17.5 Neon atoms/molecules

5 or 4.9 Helium atoms/molecules

2 Methane atoms/molecules

1 Krypton atom/molecule

1 trace elements (parts add up to 1.0)

for a sum Total of 1,000,000 ppm

(depending on it being "dry air" or "wet air")

So, what happens when 300 Carbon Dioxide atoms decrease in quantity or increase in that same quantity of atmosphere?

Which ones of the 1,000000
decrease as these increase?

Does Nitrogen atom or Oxygen atom count increase when the Carbon Dioxide count decreases, or does it decrease when the Carbon Dioxide count increases (the same question applies to the other components that are said to total "1,000,000").

Remember that we are talking about "green house gasses" and the increasing global warming which shows up as the global temperature increase phenomenon.

And that question is the minor question I have, because the essence of hot, warm, and cold is the flow of photons (The Photon Current, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , 17, 18, 19, 20, 21).

"Most atmospheric absorption takes place at ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths ... Very little of the radiation emitted by Earth’s surface passes directly through the atmosphere. Most of it is absorbed by clouds, carbon dioxide, and water vapour and is then reemitted in all directions. The atmosphere thus acts as a radiative blanket over Earth’s surface" (Britannica; cf.  Infrared Window, Cool Cosmos).

Further, the heat (IR photon flow) radiated from the oceans during any saturation scenario also includes photons that came from the Sun and were absorbed (stored in atoms in the ocean) during the past.

Saturation also suspect when IR photons are not absorbed by the ocean for any natural quantum physics reason.

Notice:

"Precipitation change has proven notoriously hard to simulate consistently between global climate models. Aerosol induced shortwave absorption over the historical era is also poorly constrained in both observations and modelling. These factors are closely linked, since absorption induced heating of the atmospheric column inhibits precipitation formation. Here I show that the spread in simulated aerosol absorption in the most recent generation of climate models (CMIP6) can be a dominating cause of uncertainty in simulated precipitation change, globally and regionally. Consequently, until improvements are made in scientific under- standing of the key absorbing aerosol types, projections of precipitation change under future anthropogenic emissions will have major, irreducible uncertainties."

(Bjørn H. Samset, Aerosol absorption has an underappreciated role in historical precipitation change). Therefore, we could realize that saturation is much, much easier to calculate so, the difference remaining after saturation and everything except aerosols is totaled gives a major clue as to how much in total aerosols contribute (major in the majors, don't major in the minors - cf  Dr. James Hansen weighs in).

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.

---

---

The Saturation Chronicles - 15

Combo View (t_si & p_si parameters) in
function "air_g_chempot_vap_si"

In a previous post here on Dredd Blog ("Last" Doesn't Always Mean "Previous" - 8) the layers and zones within these spaces were graphed.

Today's graph "Combo View" shows those layers averaged together, plus the high and the low within those layers (which I hope helps us to see that these are not patterns that match the more radical temperature patterns of global-average temperature over those same years - see the "A Different Picture" graph below).

The essence/function being graphed in "Combo View" is the "chemical potential" produced by SIA functions in the C++ program I wrote (converting the TEOS-10 SIA Fortran Air module).

A Different Picture

The reason for another look at Ocean Heat Saturation is that atmospheric dynamics are not a "tail wagging the dog" scenario.

That is,  it is not a situation where "the dog" (78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen = 99.03%) is controlled by (0.97%) the tail:

"By mole fraction (i.e., by quantity of molecules), dry air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other trace gases (see Composition below for more detail). Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere."

(Wikipedia, Atmosphere of Earth). This is to say, the graphs of temperature change over time are more intense and present a different pattern than the minority of atmospheric gasses and vapors do.

Ocean Heat Increase

The ocean heat content increase is another, and perhaps more to the point case. 

It made me wonder about the assertions that "90%" or "93%" of atmospheric global warming is absorbed by the oceans.

How far back beyond 1955 (to e.g. 1850) does that decrease go, in terms of percentage?

The heat flow from the atmosphere to the ocean would have to begin at a time when the atmosphere had an excessive amount of heat, then increased as that excessive amount increased.

In other words there has to be a thermodynamic reason for the heat to exit the atmosphere and enter the ocean.

If that reason is "The Second Law of Thermodynamics" ("hot flows to cold", "warmer flows to cooler") then the atmosphere must be warmer than the ocean for any transit of photons to take place (The Photon Current, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , 17, 18, 19, 20, 21).

Also, by the same token where the ocean is warmer than the atmosphere the heat flow (photon flow) will reverse and flow from the ocean into the atmosphere.

What I am getting at is that the heat content percent flowing out of and/or into the ocean is not a fixed amount unless "complete saturation" is reached.

"Complete Saturation" in this case means the capacity to absorb an amount of heat in a reasonable span of time at a particular latitude and longitude.

In other words, absorption takes time, and how much time depends on the level of saturation of heat in the ocean at a particular time, place, and depth (The Saturation Chronicles, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14).

When the absorption time required is too long or the heat to be absorbed is too much at any given time, place, or depth, the atmosphere will retain that amount of heat until the saturation scenario decreases to a favorable absorption scenario.

In other words, much more research is required to determine "Why Scientists Got It Wrong" (see video below).

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.

---

---