Somebody Invade Somebody Again - 2

Last Doesn't Always Mean Previous

From the Dredd Blog Quotes page:

 Forefathers / U.S.

"If Tyranny and Oppression come to this land, it will be in the guise of fighting a foreign enemy." - James Madison

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"Of all the enemies to public liberty war is, perhaps, the most to be dreaded, because it comprises and develops the germ of every other.

War is the parent of armies; from these proceed debts and taxes; and armies, and debts, and taxes are the known instruments for bringing the many under the domination of the few. In war, too, the discretionary power of the Executive is extended; its influence in dealing out offices, honors, and emoluments is multiplied: and all the means of seducing the minds, are added to those of subduing the force, of the people.

The same malignant aspect in republicanism may be traced in the inequality of fortunes, and the opportunities of fraud, growing out of a state of war, and in the degeneracy of manners and of morals, engendered by both.

No nation could preserve its freedom in the midst of continual warfare.

Those truths are well established." - James Madison

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“Experience has shown that even under the best forms of government those entrusted with power have, in time, and by slow operations, perverted it into tyranny.” – Thomas Jefferson

"Thus, the degree to which a Whistleblower in the U.S. government is mistreated is directly related to the degree of corruption that's been established within that government." - Dredd

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“If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be." - Thomas Jefferson

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"Leave no authority existing not responsible to the people." - Thomas Jefferson

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“Our progress in degeneracy appears to me to be pretty rapid. As a nation, we began by declaring that ‘all men are created equal.’ We now practically read it, ‘all men are created equal except negroes.’ When the Know-nothings get control, it will read, ‘all men are created equal except negroes and foreigners and Catholics.’ When it comes to this, I shall prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretense of loving liberty–to Russia, for instance, where despotism can be taken pure, and without the base alloy of hypocrisy.” -Abraham Lincoln, letter to Joshua F. Speed, Aug. 24, 1855

(Just Sayin'). 

The previous post in this series is here. 

The El Nino/La Nina Chronicles - 3

Two Views of recent El Nino/La Nina History

This series is about some of the "mystery" in current hypotheses concerning the activities that have been called El Nino and La Nina.

Today we take a look at the El Nino / La Nina area using Pelagic depths.

Pelagic depths are each represented by a single line (see graphs below) composed of the averages of the multiple lines in the 33-lines version shown in  a previous post of this series.

An Active Area of El Nino / La Nina Events

The graphs below have lines that are built from the averaging of data which was used to make graphs shown in previous posts.

The averages are constructed by adding up the values in all the lines of a single color, then writing just one line which is constructed from the average of those multiple lines.

Perhaps this will be helpful in deciphering just what El Nino and La Nina are actually about in terms of "ocean heat".

It doesn't appear to be clear how ocean surface winds can make vast ocean heat flux take place:

'When the Pacific Ocean sloshed warm water back toward Peru in the 1500s, the country’s fisheries collapsed around Christmas time. A name was born: 'El Niño: The Christmas Child.'

'It’s the little child of Christ who is causing problems,' said UC Davis Atmospheric Science Professor Ian Faloona.
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'The Chimú people of Peru believed that El Niño was caused by angry sea gods. Today, El Niño is still mystifying. 'Every 2-7 years, the winds seem to just weaken in the summertime,' said Faloona. 'I think it’s very mysterious how it evolves.' "

(The El Nino/La Nina Chronicles, quoting "The Mystery of El Niño"). So, let's take another look at the ocean heat flux:

 Pelagic Depths

(Previous 33 line (non-Pelagic)
graphs are here).

The following line colors
indicate the depths:

Sea level to 200m (red) Epipelagic
201m to 1000m (green) Mesopelagic
1001m to 4000m (brown) Bathypelagic
4001m to 5500m (orchid) Abyssopelagic
5501 to bottom (blue) Hadopelagic

The previous post in this series is here.

The El Nino/La Nina Chronicles - 2

Fig. 1 El Nino and La Nina Zones
In Layers 8-11

In the first post of this series all zones in the El Nino / La Nina layers were graphed (The El Nino/La Nina Chronicles, graph).

Today, only the zones in the most active location are graphed (Fig. 1).

Comparing today's graphs with the heat content (potential enthalpy) of only those zones with the general graph of the El Nino / La Nina ups and downs since 1950 is still difficult (Fig. 2).

The ocean depths beneath the usually considered depths are generally thought to be the area of El Nino/La Nina activity tell a story of lots of heat movement that should also we considered when judging the current hypotheses.

Fig. 2 One Way Of Looking At It

One professor says there is some mystery in the current hypotheses (The Mystery of El Niño).

So, don't get too frustrated trying to resolve the ups and downs on Fig. 2 with the graphs of heat flux shown on the graphs in the appendix (Zoned-In Appendix) ... because it is difficult to imagine that all of that activity is caused by winds blowing on the surface of that area (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3 Winds of Change Hypotheses

All of the ocean water down to thousands of meters under the shallows of the zones involved is not going to rise due to surface winds as currently envisioned.

In fact, even the strongest winds in tropical cyclones drive heat down, not up ("Powerful winds under tropical cyclones (TCs) mix thermal gradients in the upper ocean and thereby transfer heat down into the thermocline." Link).

It is entirely appropriate to adjust hypotheses to new discoveries.

The hypothesis indicating that saturation can be part of the picture in El Nino/La Nina dynamics may be a way to reconcile some parts of the current way of thinking (The Saturation Chronicles, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20).

So can the photon current hypotheses (The Photon Current, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , 17, 18, 19, 20, 21). 

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.

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Zoned-In Appendix

The El Nino/La Nina Chronicles - 2

In the following graphs
Depths are in meters.

The following line colors
indicate those depths:

Sea level to 200m (red)
201m to 1000m (green)
1001m to 4000m (brown)
4001m to 5500m (orchid)
5501 to bottom (blue)