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| No Way! |
The science within several realms has been impacted with reality cookies of different flavors lately.
Just in case you have not heard of the Oops120 yet:
"Because that is clearly not the case, the vacuum energy in the universe must be very small—about 120 orders of magnitude smaller than what quantum theory predicts. That’s like saying that something weighing five pounds should really weigh five-with-120-extra-zeros-after-it pounds. The discrepancy has prompted some scientists to call vacuum energy 'the worst theoretical prediction in the history of physics.'”
(The Cosmological Constant Is Physics’ Most Embarrassing Problem, emphasis added). Ergo: A Science Breakthrough Too Good to Be True? It Probably Isn’t.
A longer lasting hypothesis has been challenged too (The Redshift Blunder has been Obstructing Cosmology for Over a Century).
In oceanography the unexpected was like a tidal wave on a favorite beach:
"Quite recently in 2024, climate research has published alarming news: 'The world's oceans absorbed more heat in 2023 than in any other year since records began in the 1950s. … Data show that the heat stored in the upper 2000 m of oceans increased by 15 zettajoules (1 zettajoule is 1021 joules) in 2023 compared with that stored in 2022. This is an enormous amount of energy – for comparison, the world's total energy consumption in 2022 was roughly 0.6 zettajoules' (You, 2024: p. 434). Dividing this value by the global ocean surface area and by the duration of a year, the reported ocean's average warming rate amounts to 1.3 W m−2, and is apparently even increasing. 'Earth's net global energy imbalance (12 months up to September 2023) amounts to +1.9 W m−2, … ensuring further heating of the ocean' (Kuhlbrodt et al., 2024: p. E474). 'Climate models struggle to explain why planetary temperatures spiked suddenly. … No year has confounded climate scientists' predictive capabilities more than 2023. … This sudden heat spike greatly exceeds predictions made by statistical climate models' (Schmidt, 2024: p. 467)."
(TEOS-10 and the climatic relevance of ocean–atmosphere interaction). This paper doesn't have the word "photon" in it and neither do the mystified models mentioned in it.
Thermodynamics is about, among other things, photons, which are the quanta of heat transfer:
"Radiant heat, also known as thermal radiation, is the transfer of electromagnetic radiation which describes the heat exchange of energy by photons. Radiant heat is a mechanism for heat transfer which does not require a medium in which it propagates (unlike convection and conduction).[2] All substances above absolute zero have thermal energy, which means that the particles contained in them have some form of motion. This motion of the particles contributes to the temperature of the object, with objects of "ordinary" temperatures (less than 1000 Kelvin) emitting their radiant heat primarily in the infrared spectrum of light.[2][3] The photons emitted by these moving charged particles will travel at the speed of light until they hit another particle, which absorbs its energy as kinetic energy. Interacting systems at different temperatures will do so by the exchange of radiant heat until they reach thermal equilibrium with one another. Although the exchange of photons doesn't stop at equilibrium, it cannot be noticed because of the identical temperature of the systems. "
(Radiant heat). Including 'ocean heat' (The Photon Current, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18); Quantum Oceanography, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18).
Thus, those who are unaware of photons in the ocean are in for more surprises.
The previous post in this series is here.
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