On The Origin Of A Genetic Constant - 15

What?

I read an article "First human genome from ancient Egypt sequenced from 4,800-year-old teeth"  (Nature July 2025).

I downloaded some of the genome data that was stored in fastaq files, even though I don't like that format:

"@ERR14836689.1 M_K00102:593: HLWJ2BBXY:3: 2223: 19766: 11513
TGTCATAATT ATATACATTTTGCCTACAT TTTTACAA
+
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
@ERR14836689.2 M_K00102:593:HLWJ2BBXY:3:2127:14042:24243
AGTCGCAGGTCGCCTGGTTCTAGGAATAATGGGGGAAGTATGTAGGA
+
..."

(bold added to nucleotides). I prefer standard FASTA or GBFF formats because you don't have to extract the nucleotides from all that extra baggage.

The link where the compressed fastaq files are located is: ENA.

I analyzed the data using the DNA constants formulas  (see e.g. Genetic Constants In DNA and RNA).

Compared to a modern day human DNA sequence (Appendix 2), the recently acquired ancient mummy DNA sequence is quite poor in quality (Appendix 1).

The previous post in this series is here.

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