We mention the "surface" of the ocean a lot, without mentioning what "surface" means.
Is "surface" an inch deep, a foot deep, or what?
To oceanographers at least, it is 656.2 feet (200 meters) deep, and that ocean "surface" is called the Epipelagic Zone ("epi" means above: Epigovernment: The New Model).
So, "surface" is the layer above the Pelagic Zone (note that the Epipelagic is the thinnest zone of all the ocean layers).
The graphic @ Fig. A shows the ocean surface in contrast to the deeper zones under it.
The average depth of the Epipelagic layer is 100 meters, which makes it about 3% of the total ocean mass.
Three percent of the ocean water mass is responsible for the MAJOR sea level rise over the past century?
Forget about the other 97% of the ocean .... just because "the Blob" ? (tail wagging the dog eh?)
IMO, that does not add up (Fig. A, Fig. B).
III. Epivolatility
Major sea level rise "over the past century" implies that the sea level is constantly rising, which would conjure up a mental picture of an increasingly warm surface it would seem.
Yet:
This heating is responsible for wide change in temperature that occurs in
this [Epipelagic] zone, both in the latitude and each season. The sea surface [Epipelagic] temperatures range from as high as 97°F (36°C) in the Persian Gulf to 28°F (-2°C) near the north pole.
(ibid, emphasis added). Would that be the reason for a century of sea level fall too (Proof of Concept - 3, 5) ?
The graph at Fig. 2 Stockholm "way back then" (a graph in a prior post) shows a constant downward sea level trend since about 1775 (@ Stockholm).
Note that 1775 was about 25 years after the 1750 industrial revolution began.
IV. A Better Epihypothesis
The cause of sea level fall in some areas together with a resulting sea level rise in other areas was set forth about one hundred and thirty eight years after the 1750 industrial revolution began:
To our knowledge, Woodward (1888) was the first to demonstrate that the rapid melting of an ice sheet would lead to a geographically variable sea level change. Woodward (1888) assumed a rigid, non-rotating Earth, and therefore self-gravitation of the surface load was the only contributor to the predicted departure from a geographically uniform (i.e. eustatic) sea level rise. This departure was large and counter-intuitive. Specifically, sea level was predicted to fall within ∼2000 km of a melting ice sheet, and to rise with progressively higher amplitude at greater distances. The physics governing this redistribution is straightforward.
(2,000 kilometers) away will fall as seawater escapes from the reduced gravitational pull and the crust lifts. The escaping seawater flows clear across the equator: the melting of Antarctica affects the U.S. East and West coasts, and Greenland's disappearance impacts the coastline of Brazil. These regional differences are significant -- such as in the case of the East Coast of the United States.
(The Warming Science Commentariat - 3, quoting NASA). There it is, right out there in plain sight for those who do not hate Isaac Newton (see Fig. 2 The Battle of the Bulge, line in the quote just above).
Those who perpetuate the "thermal expansion as the MAJOR cause of sea level rise myth" are not aware of the major cause, which is melting ice sheets.
Nor are they aware of the second major cause of sea level rise and fall, even though it is in plain sight.
"Gentlemen, he said I don’t need your organization, I’ve shined your shoes I’ve moved your mountains and marked your cards But Eden is burning, either brace yourself for elimination Or else your hearts must have the courage for the changing of the guards"
In the first post of this series I was struck by the denialist infiltration of the political process:
"Have you noticed that those who want to be our leaders would not mention the global warming induced climate change during the presidential debates (see New Climate Catastrophe Policy: Triage - 9)?
It had been debated in every presidential debate since 1988 (ibid)."
(MOMCOM: The Private Parts - 4, emphasis added). That terrorism is one of the reasons why I call those oil companies "Oil-Qaeda".
They also like to be considered foreign entities:
For example, we focused on the statement of the CEO of ExxonMobil, who declared in an interview, "I am not an American company."
(ibid, emphasis in original, cf. 2nd video below). Oil-Qaeda has been aware of the catastrophic dangers of climate change since well before the 1988 disclosure to congress (Humble Oil-Qaeda, Smoke & Fumes).
That 1988 presidential debate date I mentioned above is not an arbitrary date.
No, it is the very year that the U.S. Senate held global warming related hearings:
The earth has been warmer in the first five months of this year than in any comparable period since measurements began 130 years ago, and the higher temperatures can now be attributed to a long-expected global warming trend linked to pollution, a space agency scientist reported today. Until now, scientists have been cautious about attributing rising global temperatures of recent years to the predicted global warming caused by pollutants in the atmosphere, known as the ''greenhouse effect.''
(Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate, 1988). Interestingly, the Ground Hog Day movie was about a person reliving the same day over and over again, until he eventually tried suicide over and over again (see 1st video below).
Now, two decades later after the 1988 congressional hearings, we are living ground hog day climate change over and over again:
"The earth has been warmer in the first five months of this year than in any comparable period since measurements began 130 years ago ..." (NYT, 1988).
"The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2016 was the highest for August in the 137-year period of record, marking the 16th consecutive month of record warmth for the globe." (NOAA, 2016).
It seems that civilization is stuck in the time warp that Mr. Connors was caught up in during the groundhog day movie.
Also, like with Mr. Connors in that movie, the issue of suicide is also a repeating feature of the global warming predicament:
"In other words, a society does not ever die 'from natural causes', but always dies from suicide or murder --- and nearly always from the former, as this chapter has shown." - A Study of History, by Arnold J. Toynbee
"History repeats itself, and that's one of the things that's wrong with history." - Clarence Darrow
In the case of anthropogenic climate change brought on by Oil-Qaeda, this is sometimes said to be a self-induced situation.
Of course, they do this through their surrogate, which is the damaged global climate system, forged by their greed for money and power (The Damaged Global Climate System, 2, 3, 4, 5).
They are an implant that is bringing an invasion against all nations and peoples:
I am including a couple of graphs today (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
The data were generated by the evolving sea level module I am writing (again).
It works with the module that processes WOD zones, but the difference is that it processes all PSMSL stations within a zone or zones, and makes historical graphs and future projection graphs for the list of zones requested (The Evolution and Migration of Sea Level Hinge Points (discusses software models).
Also FYI, I am passing along some quotes from some interesting articles:
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has joined the growing list of agencies and offices probing ExxonMobil on climate change.
The federal agency has launched an investigation into how the oil and gas company values its future projects in the face of global climate change and plunging oil prices, The Wall Street Journal reported, citing unnamed sources.
The SEC, the Journal reports, is looking into Exxon’s practice of not writing down the value of its assets ― something other major U.S. energy companies have done in response to falling oil prices ― and how the company “calculates the impact to its business from the world’s mounting response to climate change.”
(Feds Investigating Oil-Qaeda). The East-Antarctica "it won't go the way of Greenland" vs the "yes it will" debate continues:
Strongly divergent interpretations developed of either long-term ice-sheet stability, or ice-sheet dynamism through the Pliocene based on analysis of sediments from the TAMs, yet none of the dozens of key papers included data that could be directly tied to EAIS conditions at sea level. The debate, widely referred to as the ‘stabilists’ versus the ‘dynamicists’, became defined by these end-member solutions, with little consideration of possible intermediate ice-sheet configurations. Furthermore, none of the dozens of key papers included explicit or adequate definitions of either a ‘stable’ or a ‘dynamic’ ice sheet.
"The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2016 was the highest for August in the 137-year period of record, marking the 16th consecutive month of record warmth for the globe."
Let me sail, let me sail,
let the orinoco flow,
Let me reach, let me beach
On the shores of Tripoli.
Let me sail, let me sail,
Let me crash upon your shore,
Let me reach, let me beach
Far beyond the Yellow Sea.
From Bissau to Palau - in the shade of Avalon,
From Fiji to Tiree and the Isles of Ebony,
From Peru to Cebu hear the power of Babylon,
From Bali to Cali - far beneath the Coral Sea.
From the North to the South,
Ebudc into Khartoum,
From the deep sea of Clouds
To the island of the moon,
Carry me on the waves
To the lands I've never been,
Carry me on the waves
To the lands I've never seen.
We can sail, we can sail...
We can steer, we can near
With Rob Dickins at the wheel,
We can sigh, say goodbye
Ross and his dependencies
We can sail, we can sail...
The previous post in this series is here.
It is about time to turn the page on the discussion about the thermal expansion hypothesis.
If I haven't made it clear enough by now, I doubt that I ever will.
I recently downloaded additional PSMSL data as well as WOD data which I have been using to debunk the mythical belief that "thermal expansion has caused MOST sea level rise now and in the past."
After today's post, it is probably time to close down the efforts in this and other posts about that myth.
So, today let's revisit some East Coast WOD Zones and compare the ocean temperatures with the sea level changes, now that we once again have both PSMSL and WOD data available.
Fig. 2 PSMSL data
But, before we get into the recorded scientific history of what is happening in the ocean depths, kindly furnished to us by well meaning scientists, let's reflect on why this is important to know:
"Climate change is new and complex. We don't have all the answers. We are still learning how exactly the Earth reacts to increased CO2 and other greenhouse gases. We know it leads to warming seas which are melting the North and the South Poles, rising and starting to swallow entire coastal areas in the US and elsewhere, as the New York Times article documents. We know that the warming rising seas will swallow entire island nations that are about 25 percent of the UN vote and perhaps at the end, even our civilization. This realization is traumatic and the first reaction to trauma is denial. Since there is some remaining scientific uncertainty, a natural response is to deny that change is occurring. This is natural but it is very dangerous. Signs of a poorly understood but treatable house fire requires action, not inaction. While denial leads to certainty, it is only the certainty of death. This is true for individuals and also for civilizations."
And for that long or longer here on Dredd Blog, it has been pointed out that the military considers climate change to not only be real, but also that it is a national security threat (Global Climate & Homeland Insecurity, posted on 7/14/2009; Global Climate & Homeland Insecurity - 2, posted on 4/26/2016).
There are a lot more reasons why the science about climate change should be free from myths, and instead should be made robust with solid factual support for any hypothesis that is advanced.
III. Off The Coast of New York Town
Fig. 3 Eight WOD Zones
With that in mind, let's look at more WOD and PSMSL data that urges us to change the past erroneous rhetoric about thermal expansion.
The graphic labeled as Fig. 3 has a red outline of eight WOD zones that are along the U.S. East Coast.
The graphs at Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 reveal what the measurements in those eight WOD Zones are telling us, which is the same thing that the measurements in zones all along the equator told us (thermal expansion is not a major factor in sea level rise and fall: GRAVITY: It's Wireless).
IV. Sea Level Data
The following data contain the WOD Zone list of zones outlined with a red line in Fig. 3.
There are also links to PSMSL tide gauge stations where the sea level records were made.
These data were used to produce the graphs in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 above:
Average change, all 7 levels: -1.68335
-------
Years involved: 1961 -> 2016 (55 yrs)
Average annual change per zone:
(-1.68335 ÷ 55): -0.0306064 C per year
VI. Discussion
The combined result for all eight WOD zones was not an increase in ocean temperature when all depths in the vast ocean column of water are considered.
Instead, there was actually a net cooling of "-0.0306064 C per year" as graphed at Fig. 1.
Nevertheless, there was serious net sea level rise in these eight zones as graphed at Fig. 2.
VII. Conclusion
It is time to put the myth away and to focus on the serious implications of ice sheet melt and disintegration.
Now, I am going to write the new sea level projection software.
See you soon.
The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here. 01:30 Greenland melt is 60 years (six decades) ahead of what cryo-scientists previously thought it would be, and Antarctica is beginning to surprise in the same way (paraphrased).
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