 |
| Fig. 1 SLF is proportional to Gravity Loss |
The way to deal with sea level fall (SLF) is, in the main, to depart from traditional "bathtub model" thinking (The Bathtub Model Doesn't Hold Water, 2, 3, 4, 5).
The way I see it is that combining sea level rise (SLR) and SLF together then dividing by two is not the way to correctly determine average global sea level characteristics when dealing with tide gauge station data.
As I see it, using in situ measurements of SLF at tide gauge stations offers a way to determine gravity loss and ice mass loss because SLF is, in the main, caused by gravity loss which is caused by a loss of ice mass.
Newton's formula F = G(m1 * m2 / r2), (where "G" is the gravitational constant)
 |
| Fig. 2 SLC per Tide Gauges |
The graph at Fig. 1 shows the proportional relation and pattern SLF has with loss of gravity.
The crux of the matter is that the SLR and SLF that we are talking about (when we are considering tide gauge records) are marks or indications on tide gauge records over a period of up to three hundred years.
When we combine the values of those marks in a manner that in effect moves those marks up or down, we are disturbing reality with falsehoods.
 |
| Fig. 3 The Gravity of Sea Level Change |
The graph at Fig. 2 shows cumulated SLR and SLF patterns as they were marked over the years.
If you average them together into a relatively flat line, that averaging does not change the actual lines made by the sea's level on those tide gauges over the centuries.
 |
| Fig. 4 From The Hill |
Why move the marks made on tide gauges in Greenland up and move the marks made on tide gauges in Argentina down by averaging them together (Fig. 3)?
The actual in situ measurements depicted in Fig. 3 show SLF at Greenland becoming lower and lower on the tide gauge as ice sheet gravity diminishes.
But, the actual in situ measurements depicted in Fig. 3 show SLR at Argentina going up and up as the ghost water is relocated from the Greenland coastline and surrounds to the South Atlantic off Argentina.
 |
| Fig. 5 There's been a lot of ice melt |
This tide gauge realm is not the realm of models, it is the realm of actual measurements (The World According To Measurements, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21).
Speaking of tables and measurements, I said I would provide a table from which the values in the first post were derived ("In the next post I will furnish the 1809 - 2018 Table ...").
In the previous post those values were compared with the values of a couple of very recent and valuable published papers that were analyzed in the first post of this series (Ice Sheet Melt According To Tide Gauge Stations).
Here is the table I promised (it indicates a lot of ice melt like Fig. 4 - Fig. 5 do):
| Year | SLR | SLF | SLR GT | Ghost Water GT | Ice Loss & Ghost Water GT | Gravity Loss [F = G(m1 m2 / r2)] |
| 1809 | 86.79 | 0 | 31,404.2 | 0 | 31,404.2 | 0 |
| 1810 | 79.04 | 0 | 28,599.9 | 0 | 28,599.9 | 0 |
| 1811 | 108.91 | 0 | 39,408.1 | 0 | 39,408.1 | 0 |
| 1812 | 105.29 | -24.84 | 38,098.2 | 6.7068 | 38,104.9 | -4.47632 |
| 1813 | 39.185 | 0 | 14,178.7 | 0 | 14,178.7 | 0 |
| 1814 | 74.75 | -26.54 | 27,047.6 | 7.1658 | 27,054.8 | -4.78267 |
| 1815 | 58.25 | -27.08 | 21,077.2 | 7.3116 | 21,084.5 | -4.87998 |
| 1816 | 91.12 | -0.25 | 32,970.9 | 0.0675 | 32,971 | -0.0450515 |
| 1817 | 79.5 | 0 | 28,766.4 | 0 | 28,766.4 | 0 |
| 1818 | 97.37 | -17 | 35,232.5 | 4.59 | 35,237 | -3.0635 |
| 1819 | 73.45 | -16.34 | 26,577.2 | 4.4118 | 26,581.6 | -2.94457 |
| 1820 | 21.265 | 0 | 7,694.55 | 0 | 7,694.55 | 0 |
| 1821 | 66.79 | 0 | 24,167.4 | 0 | 24,167.4 | 0 |
| 1822 | 103.345 | 0 | 37,394.5 | 0 | 37,394.5 | 0 |
| 1823 | 55.665 | 0 | 20,141.9 | 0 | 20,141.9 | 0 |
| 1824 | 53.435 | 0 | 19,335 | 0 | 19,335 | 0 |
| 1825 | 63.995 | 0 | 23,156 | 0 | 23,156 | 0 |
| 1826 | 37.29 | -63.46 | 13,493 | 17.1342 | 13,510.2 | -11.4359 |
| 1827 | 29 | -3.63 | 10,493.4 | 0.9801 | 10,494.4 | -0.654148 |
| 1828 | 65.685 | 0 | 23,767.5 | 0 | 23,767.5 | 0 |
| 1829 | 67.08 | -4.46 | 24,272.3 | 1.2042 | 24,273.5 | -0.803719 |
| 1830 | 53.16 | -5.04 | 19,235.5 | 1.3608 | 19,236.8 | -0.908239 |
| 1831 | 113 | -30.67 | 40,888 | 8.2809 | 40,896.3 | -5.52692 |
| 1832 | 28.29 | -40.71 | 10,236.5 | 10.9917 | 10,247.5 | -7.33619 |
| 1833 | 56.71 | -25.275 | 20,520 | 6.82425 | 20,526.8 | -4.55471 |
| 1834 | 48.78 | 0 | 17,650.6 | 0 | 17,650.6 | 0 |
| 1835 | 14.04 | -17.86 | 5,080.25 | 4.8222 | 5,085.07 | -3.21848 |
| 1836 | 31.62 | -6.26 | 11,441.4 | 1.6902 | 11,443.1 | -1.12809 |
| 1837 | 0 | -12.365 | 0 | 3.33855 | 3.33855 | -2.22825 |
| 1838 | 0 | -42.55 | 0 | 11.4885 | 11.4885 | -7.66777 |
| 1839 | 0 | -48.72 | 0 | 13.1544 | 13.1544 | -8.77964 |
| 1840 | 0 | -19.62 | 0 | 5.2974 | 5.2974 | -3.53564 |
| 1841 | 0 | -23.385 | 0 | 6.31395 | 6.31395 | -4.21412 |
| 1842 | 0 | -43.265 | 0 | 11.6815 | 11.6815 | -7.79662 |
| 1843 | 29.75 | -20.36 | 10,764.8 | 5.4972 | 10,770.3 | -3.669 |
| 1844 | 61.46 | -14.805 | 22,238.7 | 3.99735 | 22,242.7 | -2.66795 |
| 1845 | 12.04 | -9.51 | 4,356.57 | 2.5677 | 4,359.13 | -1.71376 |
| 1846 | 59.3567 | -32.78 | 21,477.7 | 8.8506 | 21,486.5 | -5.90716 |
| 1847 | 73.79 | -30.7767 | 26,700.2 | 8.3097 | 26,708.6 | -5.54614 |
| 1848 | 53.255 | -66.795 | 19,269.8 | 18.0347 | 19,287.9 | -12.0369 |
| 1849 | 32.1633 | -41.69 | 11,638 | 11.2563 | 11,649.3 | -7.51279 |
| 1850 | 41.14 | -39.82 | 14,886.1 | 10.7514 | 14,896.9 | -7.17581 |
| 1851 | 24.0367 | -22.095 | 8,697.45 | 5.96565 | 8,703.42 | -3.98165 |
| 1852 | 58.0167 | -67.335 | 20,992.8 | 18.1805 | 21,011 | -12.1342 |
| 1853 | 104.91 | -60.9767 | 37,960.7 | 16.4637 | 37,977.2 | -10.9884 |
| 1854 | 41.8267 | -51.75 | 15,134.6 | 13.9725 | 15,148.6 | -9.32567 |
| 1855 | 28.8333 | -70.05 | 10,433.1 | 18.9135 | 10,452 | -12.6234 |
| 1856 | 52.21 | -53.46 | 18,891.7 | 14.4342 | 18,906.2 | -9.63382 |
| 1857 | 58.935 | -73.8167 | 21,325.1 | 19.9305 | 21,345 | -13.3022 |
| 1858 | 16.12 | -57.67 | 5,832.88 | 15.5709 | 5,848.45 | -10.3925 |
| 1859 | 52.86 | -61.19 | 19,126.9 | 16.5213 | 19,143.4 | -11.0268 |
| 1860 | 74.68 | -67.2657 | 27,022.3 | 18.1617 | 27,040.4 | -12.1217 |
| 1861 | 28.53 | -77.7175 | 10,323.3 | 20.9837 | 10,344.3 | -14.0052 |
| 1862 | 78.08 | -62.8014 | 28,252.5 | 16.9564 | 28,269.5 | -11.3172 |
| 1863 | 50.676 | -49.226 | 18,336.7 | 13.291 | 18,349.9 | -8.87083 |
| 1864 | 20.96 | -58.5614 | 7,584.19 | 15.8116 | 7,600 | -10.5531 |
| 1865 | 84.08 | -65.8189 | 30,423.6 | 17.7711 | 30,441.4 | -11.861 |
| 1866 | 57.37 | -61.4467 | 20,758.8 | 16.5906 | 20,775.4 | -11.0731 |
| 1867 | 85.3443 | -34.3814 | 30,881.1 | 9.28299 | 30,890.3 | -6.19574 |
| 1868 | 59.3057 | -29.4033 | 21,459.2 | 7.9389 | 21,467.2 | -5.29866 |
| 1869 | 46.6538 | -38.8267 | 16,881.2 | 10.4832 | 16,891.7 | -6.9968 |
| 1870 | 47.1 | -76.2785 | 17,042.7 | 20.5952 | 17,063.3 | -13.7458 |
| 1871 | 74.125 | -87.3315 | 26,821.5 | 23.5795 | 26,845 | -15.7377 |
| 1872 | 120.873 | -96.6158 | 43,736.9 | 26.0863 | 43,763 | -17.4108 |
| 1873 | 48.9733 | -43.4509 | 17,720.6 | 11.7317 | 17,732.3 | -7.83012 |
| 1874 | 35.287 | -76.0633 | 12,768.3 | 20.5371 | 12,788.8 | -13.7071 |
| 1875 | 47.795 | -128.864 | 17,294.2 | 34.7934 | 17,329 | -23.2221 |
| 1876 | 47.69 | -81.9115 | 17,256.2 | 22.1161 | 17,278.3 | -14.761 |
| 1877 | 52.241 | -68.7029 | 18,902.9 | 18.5498 | 18,921.5 | -12.3807 |
| 1878 | 65.4791 | -29.0814 | 23,693 | 7.85199 | 23,700.9 | -5.24065 |
| 1879 | 64.75 | -64.885 | 23,429.2 | 17.519 | 23,446.7 | -11.6927 |
| 1880 | 48.812 | -53.599 | 17,662.2 | 14.4717 | 17,676.7 | -9.65887 |
| 1881 | 40.252 | -61.8 | 14,564.8 | 16.686 | 14,581.5 | -11.1367 |
| 1882 | 54.5817 | -72.0606 | 19,749.9 | 19.4564 | 19,769.3 | -12.9858 |
| 1883 | 45.5414 | -77.4506 | 16,478.8 | 20.9117 | 16,499.7 | -13.9571 |
| 1884 | 41.6642 | -95.4367 | 15,075.8 | 25.7679 | 15,101.6 | -17.1983 |
| 1885 | 45.436 | -84.245 | 16,440.6 | 22.7462 | 16,463.4 | -15.1815 |
| 1886 | 52.2757 | -106.512 | 18,915.5 | 28.7584 | 18,944.3 | -19.1942 |
| 1887 | 37.7093 | -70.0629 | 13,644.8 | 18.917 | 13,663.7 | -12.6258 |
| 1888 | 41.319 | -83.4252 | 14,950.9 | 22.5248 | 14,973.4 | -15.0337 |
| 1889 | 35.1421 | -81.2026 | 12,715.9 | 21.9247 | 12,737.8 | -14.6332 |
| 1890 | 48.0154 | -56.6505 | 17,373.9 | 15.2956 | 17,389.2 | -10.2088 |
| 1891 | 42.4983 | -77.7426 | 15,377.6 | 20.9905 | 15,398.6 | -14.0097 |
| 1892 | 34.7709 | -74.4514 | 12,581.5 | 20.1019 | 12,601.6 | -13.4166 |
| 1893 | 61.3788 | -55.8406 | 22,209.3 | 15.077 | 22,224.4 | -10.0628 |
| 1894 | 48.461 | -57.2117 | 17,535.2 | 15.4471 | 17,550.6 | -10.3099 |
| 1895 | 41.8443 | -80.0218 | 15,141 | 21.6059 | 15,162.6 | -14.4204 |
| 1896 | 28.1413 | -63.4892 | 10,182.7 | 17.1421 | 10,199.8 | -11.4411 |
| 1897 | 36.7689 | -59.3053 | 13,304.5 | 16.0124 | 13,320.5 | -10.6872 |
| 1898 | 56.2936 | -59.9235 | 20,369.3 | 16.1794 | 20,385.5 | -10.7986 |
| 1899 | 94.8463 | -37.6235 | 34,319.3 | 10.1584 | 34,329.5 | -6.77999 |
| 1900 | 37.6781 | -73.8247 | 13,633.5 | 19.9327 | 13,653.4 | -13.3037 |
| 1901 | 41.9945 | -79.1681 | 15,195.3 | 21.3754 | 15,216.7 | -14.2666 |
| 1902 | 37.1614 | -64.8777 | 13,446.5 | 17.517 | 13,464 | -11.6914 |
| 1903 | 78.0952 | -40.432 | 28,258 | 10.9166 | 28,269 | -7.28609 |
| 1904 | 32.8576 | -62.154 | 11,889.2 | 16.7816 | 11,906 | -11.2005 |
| 1905 | 48.573 | -56.13 | 17,575.7 | 15.1551 | 17,590.8 | -10.115 |
| 1906 | 48.3605 | -59.7826 | 17,498.8 | 16.1413 | 17,515 | -10.7732 |
| 1907 | 32.3167 | -61.2575 | 11,693.5 | 16.5395 | 11,710 | -11.039 |
| 1908 | 28.4216 | -75.7161 | 10,284.1 | 20.4433 | 10,304.5 | -13.6445 |
| 1909 | 42.0671 | -68.1897 | 15,221.6 | 18.4112 | 15,240 | -12.2882 |
| 1910 | 45.4057 | -79.9746 | 16,429.6 | 21.5931 | 16,451.2 | -14.4119 |
| 1911 | 55.7577 | -67.8007 | 20,175.4 | 18.3062 | 20,193.7 | -12.2181 |
| 1912 | 50.2919 | -69.7629 | 18,197.7 | 18.836 | 18,216.5 | -12.5717 |
| 1913 | 67.6414 | -56.9188 | 24,475.4 | 15.3681 | 24,490.8 | -10.2571 |
| 1914 | 60.0881 | -67.3859 | 21,742.3 | 18.1942 | 21,760.5 | -12.1434 |
| 1915 | 55.5417 | -84.0274 | 20,097.3 | 22.6874 | 20,119.9 | -15.1423 |
| 1916 | 58.4817 | -81.7762 | 21,161.1 | 22.0796 | 21,183.1 | -14.7366 |
| 1917 | 44.3136 | -75.2127 | 16,034.5 | 20.3074 | 16,054.8 | -13.5538 |
| 1918 | 43.6678 | -73.9558 | 15,800.8 | 19.9681 | 15,820.8 | -13.3273 |
| 1919 | 47.057 | -84.4669 | 17,027.2 | 22.8061 | 17,050 | -15.2214 |
| 1920 | 43.5704 | -87.2248 | 15,765.6 | 23.5507 | 15,789.1 | -15.7184 |
| 1921 | 61.1374 | -63.8176 | 22,122 | 17.2307 | 22,139.2 | -11.5003 |
| 1922 | 60.0169 | -66.8756 | 21,716.6 | 18.0564 | 21,734.6 | -12.0514 |
| 1923 | 56.2051 | -71.7502 | 20,337.3 | 19.3726 | 20,356.7 | -12.9298 |
| 1924 | 51.9558 | -83.4331 | 18,799.7 | 22.5269 | 18,822.3 | -15.0352 |
| 1925 | 68.8581 | -63.7715 | 24,915.7 | 17.2183 | 24,932.9 | -11.492 |
| 1926 | 55.9145 | -92.413 | 20,232.2 | 24.9515 | 20,257.1 | -16.6534 |
| 1927 | 62.1587 | -73.2616 | 22,491.6 | 19.7806 | 22,511.3 | -13.2022 |
| 1928 | 64.2698 | -74.686 | 23,255.4 | 20.1652 | 23,275.6 | -13.4589 |
| 1929 | 49.3589 | -78.385 | 17,860.1 | 21.164 | 17,881.2 | -14.1255 |
| 1930 | 53.2584 | -94.4897 | 19,271.1 | 25.5122 | 19,296.6 | -17.0276 |
| 1931 | 59.4582 | -90.3891 | 21,514.4 | 24.4051 | 21,538.8 | -16.2887 |
| 1932 | 58.5229 | -64.8595 | 21,176 | 17.5121 | 21,193.5 | -11.6881 |
| 1933 | 46.4053 | -109.808 | 16,791.3 | 29.6481 | 16,821 | -19.788 |
| 1934 | 45.1799 | -77.4096 | 16,347.9 | 20.9006 | 16,368.8 | -13.9497 |
| 1935 | 51.5639 | -71.4994 | 18,657.9 | 19.3048 | 18,677.2 | -12.8846 |
| 1936 | 61.6664 | -87.7931 | 22,313.4 | 23.7041 | 22,337.1 | -15.8208 |
| 1937 | 63.6981 | -92.4289 | 23,048.6 | 24.9558 | 23,073.5 | -16.6562 |
| 1938 | 65.2964 | -52.3593 | 23,626.9 | 14.137 | 23,641 | -9.43547 |
| 1939 | 54.0647 | -86.511 | 19,562.8 | 23.358 | 19,586.2 | -15.5898 |
| 1940 | 62.3124 | -75.9092 | 22,547.2 | 20.4955 | 22,567.7 | -13.6793 |
| 1941 | 70.9335 | -95.6367 | 25,666.6 | 25.8219 | 25,692.5 | -17.2343 |
| 1942 | 59.8887 | -80.3509 | 21,670.2 | 21.6947 | 21,691.9 | -14.4797 |
| 1943 | 65.7229 | -56.873 | 23,781.2 | 15.3557 | 23,796.6 | -10.2489 |
| 1944 | 66.2039 | -65.0344 | 23,955.3 | 17.5593 | 23,972.8 | -11.7196 |
| 1945 | 66.8451 | -67.7258 | 24,187.3 | 18.286 | 24,205.6 | -12.2046 |
| 1946 | 70.1161 | -72.4135 | 25,370.9 | 19.5517 | 25,390.4 | -13.0494 |
| 1947 | 71.4785 | -91.2629 | 25,863.8 | 24.641 | 25,888.5 | -16.4461 |
| 1948 | 85.1707 | -67.3479 | 30,818.2 | 18.1839 | 30,836.4 | -12.1365 |
| 1949 | 67.7182 | -59.4584 | 24,503.2 | 16.0538 | 24,519.3 | -10.7148 |
| 1950 | 64.0309 | -64.0142 | 23,169 | 17.2838 | 23,186.3 | -11.5357 |
| 1951 | 70.9644 | -82.8413 | 25,677.8 | 22.3671 | 25,700.2 | -14.9285 |
| 1952 | 75.7239 | -64.648 | 27,400 | 17.455 | 27,417.5 | -11.65 |
| 1953 | 64.9413 | -64.6359 | 23,498.4 | 17.4517 | 23,515.9 | -11.6478 |
| 1954 | 61.52 | -72.5081 | 22,260.4 | 19.5772 | 22,280 | -13.0664 |
| 1955 | 71.9444 | -73.1581 | 26,032.4 | 19.7527 | 26,052.2 | -13.1835 |
| 1956 | 70.7441 | -77.0445 | 25,598.1 | 20.802 | 25,618.9 | -13.8839 |
| 1957 | 67.0637 | -72.1986 | 24,266.4 | 19.4936 | 24,285.9 | -13.0106 |
| 1958 | 76.9931 | -70.7424 | 27,859.3 | 19.1004 | 27,878.4 | -12.7482 |
| 1959 | 63.041 | -70.9001 | 22,810.8 | 19.143 | 22,829.9 | -12.7766 |
| 1960 | 70.876 | -89.5291 | 25,645.9 | 24.1729 | 25,670 | -16.1337 |
| 1961 | 71.3146 | -66.8096 | 25,804.5 | 18.0386 | 25,822.6 | -12.0395 |
| 1962 | 68.8152 | -66.3827 | 24,900.2 | 17.9233 | 24,918.1 | -11.9626 |
| 1963 | 66.5913 | -75.9768 | 24,095.5 | 20.5137 | 24,116 | -13.6915 |
| 1964 | 63.9038 | -61.2439 | 23,123 | 16.5359 | 23,139.6 | -11.0365 |
| 1965 | 68.7868 | -69.5397 | 24,889.9 | 18.7757 | 24,908.7 | -12.5315 |
| 1966 | 68.8358 | -70.3847 | 24,907.6 | 19.0039 | 24,926.6 | -12.6837 |
| 1967 | 74.9204 | -57.9804 | 27,109.3 | 15.6547 | 27,124.9 | -10.4484 |
| 1968 | 70.3528 | -68.8011 | 25,456.5 | 18.5763 | 25,475.1 | -12.3984 |
| 1969 | 72.9615 | -70.7315 | 26,400.5 | 19.0975 | 26,419.6 | -12.7463 |
| 1970 | 72.7825 | -70.7567 | 26,335.7 | 19.1043 | 26,354.8 | -12.7508 |
| 1971 | 73.6587 | -64.5366 | 26,652.7 | 17.4249 | 26,670.2 | -11.6299 |
| 1972 | 79.5346 | -72.8237 | 28,778.9 | 19.6624 | 28,798.6 | -13.1233 |
| 1973 | 79.0667 | -66.3602 | 28,609.6 | 17.9172 | 28,627.5 | -11.9585 |
| 1974 | 78.1179 | -74.9104 | 28,266.3 | 20.2258 | 28,286.5 | -13.4993 |
| 1975 | 81.1319 | -65.6399 | 29,356.8 | 17.7228 | 29,374.6 | -11.8287 |
| 1976 | 70.0063 | -74.6516 | 25,331.2 | 20.1559 | 25,351.3 | -13.4527 |
| 1977 | 71.3001 | -74.859 | 25,799.3 | 20.2119 | 25,819.5 | -13.49 |
| 1978 | 76.1601 | -78.7209 | 27,557.8 | 21.2546 | 27,579.1 | -14.186 |
| 1979 | 77.9015 | -74.9565 | 28,188 | 20.2383 | 28,208.2 | -13.5076 |
| 1980 | 73.7508 | -76.5823 | 26,686.1 | 20.6772 | 26,706.8 | -13.8006 |
| 1981 | 81.7621 | -71.3833 | 29,584.9 | 19.2735 | 29,604.2 | -12.8637 |
| 1982 | 83.6517 | -73.9718 | 30,268.6 | 19.9724 | 30,288.6 | -13.3302 |
| 1983 | 101.238 | -71.0912 | 36,632 | 19.1946 | 36,651.2 | -12.8111 |
| 1984 | 82.4284 | -84.7218 | 29,826 | 22.8749 | 29,848.8 | -15.2674 |
| 1985 | 77.6984 | -79.6668 | 28,114.5 | 21.51 | 28,136 | -14.3564 |
| 1986 | 76.6076 | -70.9284 | 27,719.8 | 19.1507 | 27,738.9 | -12.7817 |
| 1987 | 80.6751 | -77.1718 | 29,191.6 | 20.8364 | 29,212.4 | -13.9068 |
| 1988 | 79.6298 | -70.4958 | 28,813.3 | 19.0339 | 28,832.3 | -12.7038 |
| 1989 | 85.9396 | -69.8284 | 31,096.5 | 18.8537 | 31,115.3 | -12.5835 |
| 1990 | 82.0305 | -67.3179 | 29,682 | 18.1758 | 29,700.2 | -12.1311 |
| 1991 | 83.4122 | -77.2434 | 30,182 | 20.8557 | 30,202.8 | -13.9197 |
| 1992 | 84.2647 | -73.4649 | 30,490.4 | 19.8355 | 30,510.3 | -13.2388 |
| 1993 | 81.2166 | -77.9027 | 29,387.5 | 21.0337 | 29,408.5 | -14.0385 |
| 1994 | 80.0073 | -71.6998 | 28,949.9 | 19.3589 | 28,969.3 | -12.9207 |
| 1995 | 84.7377 | -78.0755 | 30,661.6 | 21.0804 | 30,682.7 | -14.0697 |
| 1996 | 89.5102 | -99.6398 | 32,388.5 | 26.9027 | 32,415.4 | -17.9557 |
| 1997 | 93.6223 | -81.6928 | 33,876.4 | 22.0571 | 33,898.4 | -14.7215 |
| 1998 | 101.265 | -79.2168 | 36,641.7 | 21.3885 | 36,663.1 | -14.2753 |
| 1999 | 97.8074 | -81.3397 | 35,390.7 | 21.9617 | 35,412.7 | -14.6579 |
| 2000 | 95.7591 | -81.9994 | 34,649.6 | 22.1398 | 34,671.7 | -14.7768 |
| 2001 | 95.2933 | -86.0169 | 34,481 | 23.2246 | 34,504.2 | -15.5008 |
| 2002 | 91.4528 | -78.5309 | 33,091.4 | 21.2033 | 33,112.6 | -14.1517 |
| 2003 | 98.907 | -75.511 | 35,788.6 | 20.388 | 35,809 | -13.6075 |
| 2004 | 95.503 | -77.0407 | 34,556.9 | 20.801 | 34,577.7 | -13.8832 |
| 2005 | 99.3383 | -74.0472 | 35,944.7 | 19.9927 | 35,964.6 | -13.3438 |
| 2006 | 98.0888 | -78.6676 | 35,492.6 | 21.2403 | 35,513.8 | -14.1764 |
| 2007 | 101.132 | -68.1519 | 36,593.7 | 18.401 | 36,612.1 | -12.2814 |
| 2008 | 106.562 | -73.6272 | 38,558.4 | 19.8793 | 38,578.3 | -13.2681 |
| 2009 | 106.941 | -94.1604 | 38,695.8 | 25.4233 | 38,721.2 | -16.9683 |
| 2010 | 117.713 | -108.744 | 42,593.5 | 29.361 | 42,622.8 | -19.5964 |
| 2011 | 112.211 | -80.2047 | 40,602.4 | 21.6553 | 40,624.1 | -14.4534 |
| 2012 | 116.892 | -87.3218 | 42,296.4 | 23.5769 | 42,320 | -15.7359 |
| 2013 | 115.981 | -108.198 | 41,966.6 | 29.2133 | 41,995.8 | -19.4979 |
| 2014 | 118.004 | -103.791 | 42,698.6 | 28.0235 | 42,726.6 | -18.7037 |
| 2015 | 115.155 | -77.8225 | 41,667.7 | 21.0121 | 41,688.7 | -14.0241 |
| 2016 | 129.731 | -92.6878 | 46,941.9 | 25.0257 | 46,967 | -16.7029 |
| 2017 | 133.168 | -93.0935 | 48,185.6 | 25.1352 | 48,210.7 | -16.776 |
| 2018 | 158.2 | -113.859 | 57,243.4 | 30.7418 | 57,274.1 | -20.518 |
The graph at Fig. 1 is composed of the values in the "Ghost Water GT" column as well as the "Gravity Loss [F = G(m1 m2 / r2)]" column of the table.
As noted above, the purpose of the columns and the graph is to show the proportional relation between SLF and ice mass-gravity loss.
Other events can cause random SLF and SLR (rain deluges capturing water on land or inland bodies of water, etc.) but such random events are not as robust, regular, or systemic as ice sheet mass loss and gravity loss are.
The SLR and SLF values are tide gauge record compositions, while the GT values are calculated (SLR mm * 361.841 = GT).
Note that it is important to remember that even though I do not add the SLF to the SLR, that the SLR is an average (some SLR is well above the average shown in the table above ... see Countries With Sea Level Change, 2).
Here is a table of tide gauge stations with an average SLR over 100 mm:
| Station Name | Station # (& Link) | Avg. SLR |
| DESCHAILLONS | 201 | 340.388 |
| DAUGAVGRIVA | 37 | 331.889 |
| MANILA S. HARBOR | 145 | 285.583 |
| GALVESTON II PIER 21 TX | 161 | 261.707 |
| HOEK VAN HOLLAND | 22 | 253.814 |
| PORT-SAINT-FRANCOIS | 137 | 240.848 |
| PHILADELPHIA (PIER 9N) | 135 | 231.154 |
| NEW YORK (THE BATTERY) | 12 | 223.517 |
| HARLINGEN | 25 | 222.331 |
| HALIFAX | 96 | 221.497 |
| AYUKAWA | 131 | 220.687 |
| ANNAPOLIS (NAVAL ACADEMY) | 311 | 214.29 |
| TRIESTE | 154 | 188.311 |
| MERA | 359 | 182.952 |
| WASHINGTON DC | 360 | 180.441 |
| NEUVILLE | 192 | 179.135 |
| DEN HELDER | 23 | 178.684 |
| ATLANTIC CITY | 180 | 178.583 |
| ABURATSUBO | 130 | 171.681 |
| HILO HAWAII ISLAND | 300 | 169.959 |
| PORT LYTTELTON | 247 | 158.176 |
| NEWPORT | 351 | 157.95 |
| DELFZIJL | 24 | 148.761 |
| CUXHAVEN 2 | 7 | 147.598 |
| GDANSK/NOWY PORT | 64 | 147.587 |
| VENEZIA (PUNTA DELLA SALUTE) | 168 | 146.178 |
| EASTPORT | 332 | 143.98 |
| MAASSLUIS | 9 | 139.878 |
| LA JOLLA (SCRIPPS PIER) | 256 | 139.761 |
| FREMANTLE | 111 | 138.546 |
| LEWES (BREAKWATER HARBOR) | 224 | 138.092 |
| NORTH SHIELDS | 95 | 136.209 |
| SEWELLS POINT HAMPTON ROADS | 299 | 134.688 |
| BREST | 1 | 133.216 |
| WELLINGTON HARBOUR | 221 | 130.898 |
| NORTH POINT | 333 | 125.101 |
| BALBOA | 163 | 124.284 |
| TOWER PIER | 336 | 123.427 |
| BOSTON | 235 | 122.844 |
| SEATTLE | 127 | 121.511 |
| ESBJERG | 80 | 118.435 |
| HONOLULU | 155 | 114.556 |
| PORT PIRIE | 216 | 111.437 |
| SAN DIEGO (QUARANTINE STATION) | 158 | 111.389 |
| WILLETS POINT | 362 | 110.359 |
| SHEERNESS | 3 | 108.354 |
| CASCAIS | 52 | 106.124 |
| LIVERPOOL GEORGES AND PRINCES PIERS | 15 | 104.995 |
| LOHM | 233 | 104.83 |
| KEY WEST | 188 | 101.014 |
UPDATE: A recent paper indicates that there are valid reasons to check-up on computer models from time to time:
"How fast does warm ocean water melt glaciers that terminate in the sea? That question is central to understanding how fast ice sheets may lose mass, and thus how fast sea level will rise, in response to global warming, but there are few data about the process. Sutherland et al. used repeat multibeam sonar surveys to observe an Alaskan subsurface tidewater glacier face to create a time series of its melting and calving patterns. They observed melt rates up to a hundred times larger than those predicted by theory, observations that compel us to reevaluate predictions of such ice loss."(Science Mag, emphasis added, cf. Phys. Org., Science Daily).
The previous post in this series is here.
"Investigative reporter Seymour Hersh: The world is ‘run by ignoramuses, wackos and psychotics’" (link)
ReplyDeleteTouche. Sound arguments. Keep up the good work.
ReplyDelete