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Friday, October 20, 2023

Good Nomenclature: A Matter of Life and Death - 6

"Parts is Parts"

Some time back I asked the keepers of government databases of genetic material to stop using "T" and "t" in RNA nucleotide data because RNA does not contain ("T").

"T" means thymine.

RNA contains uracil "U" and "u" instead of "T" thymine.

A well known source indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is not a DNA virus, instead it is an RNA virus: "Coronaviruses contain a non-segmented, positive-sense RNA genome of ~30 kb" (Coronaviruses, NIH, emphasis added; cf. here).

I mentioned this in a previous post to no avail (It's In The GenBank - 4).

I have been downloading a lot of data from GenBank to further detail the ~(32/35/25/6) constant pattern in genomes:

"I have finished downloading the almost 8,000 ".gz" compressed files stored at the Genbank FTP site (~1 terabyte of data)."

(On The Origin Of A Genetic Constant - 2). I discovered that in those files I downloaded, there are 234,350 rows of SARS-CoV-2 data which say the viruses is composed of "DNA":

mysql> select count(*) from DNA_html_tables where source like '%SARS%';
+ ----------  +
| count(*) |
+ ----------  +
|   234350 |
+ ----------  +

(SQL search results on my SQL server). An example GenBank link to six of them is:

Covid 1 Covid 2 Covid 3 Covid 4 Covid 5 Covid 6 (here is a better representation of an RNA genome Covid 7, but not a perfect one since it uses "t" instead of "u"; the FASTA version uses "T" instead of "U")

Notice that the "LOCUS" line (first line of a GBFF genome) says "DNA" in each and every one of them (they are actually "RNA" viruses, not "DNA" viruses).

Furthermore, notice that every one of those genomes has "t" instead of "u" in the nucleotide "ORIGIN" area.

IMO this is not good nomenclature, it is a titanic mistake (Good Nomenclature: A Matter of Life and Death).

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.



Monday, October 16, 2023

On The Origin Of A Genetic Constant - 2

I. Preface

The Toxic Bridge

Not all scientists like to "play with dolls" when discussing origins.

Instead, they chronicle what they do and don't know in certain instances:

"I just want to begin this by thinking about a bridge. In this particular case, it's an obvious bridge. AND IF YOU THINK ABOUT EVOLUTION, YOU KNOW WHERE WE'VE COME TO, BUT YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE WE BEGAN. So origins of life is one of the most challenging problems facing science. Actually, as my friend and colleague Nick Lane says, it's the black hole of science. It's an embarrassment. And it's a very complicated problem. Obviously, in this university, Jack Szostak and others work on this from one angle. I'm trying to understand it from another angle. But we know a certain amount about how we have a certain number of ingredients. So this is a very, very famous plot. And I'm not going to bother you with all the details, but I just want to give you a little bit of an idea. Victor Goldschmidt, who created this plot originally, was a Swiss Jew born in Zurich.
Carbon Origins?
And his father took a position at the University in Oslo. So when he was a young man, he actually graduated university I believe at the age of 21 with a PhD. He became a professor himself, and he created a field which is geochemistry. He created it. And he was obsessed with understanding the distribution of elements in the universe. So he did several things. He analyzed meteorites, he looked at spectra of stars, and so on. And WE COME UP WITH THIS BASIC PLOT, which is THE TWO FIRST ELEMENTS ARE HYDROGEN AND HELIUM, which are created ABOUT 13.8, 13.9 BILLION YEARS AGO IN THE BIG BANG. And everything else on this plot the astronomers called metals, but EVERYTHING ELSE [atomic] IS CREATED IN A SUPERNOVA ... A very hot short life star. ["NOT OUR STAR" ... not the Sun]."

(Dr. Falkowski, partial transcript of video below, emphasis added). That excerpt is an excellent place for a beginning.

So, let's move on from "hydrogen" (which is one of the "two first elements ... everything else is created in a supernova, not our star") to carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

The first element group, represented by hydrogen, is found in DNA (~35%), so was it in the supernova that is said to have created the other three elements in DNA (carbon ~32%, nitrogen ~25%, and oxygen ~6%). 

Dr. Falkowski's statement "but you don't know where we began" seems relevant because we don't know how the hydrogen could have gotten into a supernova, and then have gotten here from that supernova.

But more than that, how they all four then ended up in the ~32/35/25/6 percentages and quantities to form abiotic DNA nucleotides.

Dare I ask how those four got together to make our everything (On The Origin of Genieology)?

Especially when one considers the time it takes for particles to travel from point A to point B when induced by gravitational force:

" Formulas, Constants, & Variables Used

Formula: g = G * (H atoms mass / r2) (gravitational acceleration)

Constants:
secs_day = (60.0 * 60.0) * 24.0
secs_year = secs_day * 365.25
G = 6.67e-11 (gravitational constant)
Variables:
r = distance (between center) of atoms (m)


Calculations of gravitational actions
between Atom Group A and Atom group B
in terms of being pulled
into contact by gravity


Group A Group B Dist (m) mass per
group (kg)
atoms
per group
years to
contact
atoms-1A atoms-1B 1e-09 1.67e-21 1e+06 71,124
atoms-2A atoms-2B 2e-09 3.34e-21 2e+06 142,245
atoms-3A atoms-3B 3e-09 5.01e-21 3e+06 213,365
atoms-4A atoms-4B 4e-09 6.68e-21 4e+06 284,486
atoms-5A atoms-5B 5e-09 8.35e-21 5e+06 355,606
atoms-6A atoms-6B 6e-09 1.002e-20 6e+06 426,726
atoms-7A atoms-7B 7e-09 1.169e-20 7e+06 497,847
atoms-8A atoms-8B 8e-09 1.336e-20 8e+06 568,967

Adding a bunch of them together to make dust doesn't really solve the Mr. Time problem:


Calculations of various
gravitational interactions
(Cloud A to Cloud B)


Cloud A Cloud B Dist (m) mass (kg) years to
contact
DC-1A DC-1B 1 1 121
DC-2A DC-2B 10 10 1,191
DC-3A DC-3B 100 100 11,881
DC-4A DC-4B 1000 1000 118,775
DC-5A DC-5B 10,000 10,000 1,187,714
DC-6A DC-6B 100,000 100,000 11,877,100
DC-7A DC-7B 1,000,000 1,000,000 118,770,950
DC-8A DC-8B 10,000,000 10,000,000 1,187,709,445

When acceleration of gravity is considered when contemplating the concept of the protons, electrons, neutrons becoming builders of atoms, and then atoms becoming builders of molecules, and non-living molecules then becoming the builders of life, a particular episode in that 'movie' has to take place in which a decision must be made."

 (Small Brains Considered - 16). These considerations are relevant.

II. Current Series Status

In today's post of this current Dredd Blog series, we move on further into the process of identifying a genetic constant (On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 16).

I have finished downloading the almost 8,000 ".gz" compressed files stored at the Genbank FTP site (~1 terabyte of data).

And I completed the filtering-out of partial genome segments, choosing to use only relatively complete genome sequences (>10,000 bp).

The result is that I am using millions of genomes (now in SQL database tables, which are the end result of that download effort) to more clearly expose "a genetic constant" ~(32/35/25/6).

III. Simplicity

The exercise involved in exposing this "Genetic Constant" is very, very simple at its core:

"The number of atoms in a given nucleotide ('A', 'C', 'G', 'T', and 'U') are:

'A' = "C5H5N5" (5 Carbon, 5 Hydrogen, 5 Nitrogen)

'C' = "C4H5N3O1" (4 Carbon, 5 Hydrogen, 3 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen)

'T' = "C5H6N2O2" (5 Carbon, 6 Hydrogen, 2 Nitrogen, 2 Oxygen)

'G' = "C5H5N5O1" (5 Carbon, 5 Hydrogen, 5 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen)

'U' = "C4H4N2O2" (4 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen, 2 Nitrogen, 2 Oxygen)

(Quantum Biology - 18). As you can see the analysis of the atom content of any given genome in the appendix (Link) is a function of simple arithmetic (it is not "rocket science").

The percentages are derived by dividing the count of each atom type by the total atom count."

(On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 16). How that constant is calculated depends on whether the genetic sequence is DNA or RNA (a DNA 'T' count is not the same as an RNA 'U' count; note that this current exercise only involves DNA).

For example a secretary or student could load a genome from the GenBank into a word processor; then proceed to add up the atoms in each 'A', 'C', 'G' and 'T' in the text of that genome until the last nucleotide has been processed; at which time each of those four individual totals would be divided by the total number of atoms in the genome so as to derive the constants, i.e. the percentages.

That is the basic numerical origin of the "~(32/35/25/6)" genetic constant.

In other words the problem is not simplicity, no, it is volume because some genomes are composed of millions of nucleotides, so it would take an inordinate amount of time to calculate them 'by hand'.

Thus, the Dredd Blog software that does them "at light speed" was formed.

IV. Appendices Containing GenBank Genomes

I generated appendices for this series using some taxonomy data from Introduction to Binomial Nomenclature, which I may have to expand by using the more extensive NCBI taxonomy data.

Anyway, the appendices in today's post contain 272 actual GenBank genomes for everything from Arabian Camels to humans to plants (Appendix 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).

V. Closing Comments

I was amazed once again to see the ~(32/35/25/6) constant pattern in the genomes in the appendices.

A snippet from Appendix 8 sums it up:


Grand Totals For Tables 1-272:
(Total atom count: 79,158,605,941)

Atom Type Atom Type Count Low High Variation Average
Carbon 25,707,295,089 32.3541 32.5186 0.1645% 32.4757%
Hydrogen 28,380,643,650 35.7008 35.9416 0.2408% 35.8529%
Nitrogen 19,727,729,048 24.4739 25.2710 0.7971% 24.9218%
Oxygen 5,342,938,154 6.6279 7.1642 0.5363% 6.7497%

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.


Once upon a visit to Harvard:



GC Apdx 8

This is an appendix to: On The Origin Of A Genetic Constant - 2




GenBank Genome
Table: 261
(Turmeric)
URL Link: MK109020.1

Genome info for MK109020.1:

MK109020 162180 bp DNA circular PLN 11-NOV-2019 Curcuma longa voucher CUR16 chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 162,180

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 781,020 32.5186
Hydrogen 863,103 35.9362
Nitrogen 594,531 24.7540
Oxygen 163,108 6.7912
Totals 2,401,762 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 262
(Turmeric)
URL Link: OQ948424.1

Genome info for OQ948424.1:

OQ948424 159509 bp DNA circular PLN 13-JUN-2023 Curcuma longa chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 159,509

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 768,053 32.5157
Hydrogen 848,974 35.9416
Nitrogen 584,274 24.7354
Oxygen 160,795 6.8073
Totals 2,362,096 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 263
(Watermelon)
URL Link: KY430683.1

Genome info for KY430683.1:

KY430683 156891 bp DNA circular PLN 28-JAN-2017 Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris cultivar PI482326 plastid

Nucleotide count: 156,891

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 754,794 32.4963
Hydrogen 834,470 35.9266
Nitrogen 575,088 24.7594
Oxygen 158,353 6.8176
Totals 2,322,705 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 264
(Watermelon)
URL Link: KY430684.1

Genome info for KY430684.1:

KY430684 156886 bp DNA circular PLN 28-JAN-2017 Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris cultivar PI482303 plastid

Nucleotide count: 156,886

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 754,763 32.4960
Hydrogen 834,428 35.9260
Nitrogen 575,102 24.7608
Oxygen 158,337 6.8171
Totals 2,322,630 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 265
(Watermelon)
URL Link: KY430685.1

Genome info for KY430685.1:

KY430685 156699 bp DNA circular PLN 28-JAN-2017 Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris cultivar PI482276 plastid

Nucleotide count: 156,699

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 753,850 32.4958
Hydrogen 833,423 35.9260
Nitrogen 574,421 24.7613
Oxygen 158,141 6.8169
Totals 2,319,835 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 266
(Watermelon)
URL Link: KY430688.1

Genome info for KY430688.1:

KY430688 156906 bp DNA circular PLN 28-JAN-2017 Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris plastid complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 156,906

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 754,860 32.4962
Hydrogen 834,537 35.9263
Nitrogen 575,169 24.7607
Oxygen 158,349 6.8168
Totals 2,322,915 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 267
(Watermelon)
URL Link: KY430689.1

Genome info for KY430689.1:

KY430689 156907 bp DNA circular PLN 28-JAN-2017 Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris plastid complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 156,907

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 754,866 32.4962
Hydrogen 834,542 35.9262
Nitrogen 575,176 24.7608
Oxygen 158,350 6.8168
Totals 2,322,934 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 268
(Wheat)
URL Link: HZ468648.1

Genome info for HZ468648.1:

HZ468648 10143 bp DNA linear PAT 25-MAR-2016 JP 2015532124-A/8: PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY DURUM WHEAT HAVING

Nucleotide count: 10,143

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 48,766 32.4240
Hydrogen 54,051 35.9379
Nitrogen 36,809 24.4739
Oxygen 10,775 7.1642
Totals 150,401 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 269
(Wheat)
URL Link: JA440762.1

Genome info for JA440762.1:

JA440762 10173 bp DNA linear PAT 11-SEP-2011 Sequence 2 from Patent EP2354232.

Nucleotide count: 10,173

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 48,798 32.3547
Hydrogen 53,848 35.7030
Nitrogen 37,782 25.0507
Oxygen 10,394 6.8916
Totals 150,822 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 270
(Wheat)
URL Link: JA477628.1

Genome info for JA477628.1:

JA477628 18859 bp DNA linear PAT 22-SEP-2011 Sequence 3 from Patent EP2328404.

Nucleotide count: 18,806
Non-Nucleotide Count: 53

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 89,945 32.3762
Hydrogen 99,248 35.7249
Nitrogen 70,206 25.2710
Oxygen 18,413 6.6279
Totals 277,812 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 271
(Wheat)
URL Link: JA504845.1

Genome info for JA504845.1:

JA504845 10173 bp DNA linear PAT 22-SEP-2011 Sequence 2 from Patent WO2011095958.

Nucleotide count: 10,173

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 48,798 32.3547
Hydrogen 53,848 35.7030
Nitrogen 37,782 25.0507
Oxygen 10,394 6.8916
Totals 150,822 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 272
(Wheat)
URL Link: JA504866.1

Genome info for JA504866.1:

JA504866 10174 bp DNA linear PAT 22-SEP-2011 Sequence 23 from Patent WO2011095958.

Nucleotide count: 10,174

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 48,802 32.3541
Hydrogen 53,850 35.7008
Nitrogen 37,794 25.0562
Oxygen 10,391 6.8889
Totals 150,837 ~100.00




Interim Totals For Tables 261-272:
(Total atom count: 17,255,571)

Atom Type Atom Type Count Low High Variation Average
Carbon 5,607,315 32.3541 32.5186 0.1645% 32.4957%
Hydrogen 6,198,322 35.7008 35.9416 0.2408% 35.9207%
Nitrogen 4,274,134 24.4739 25.2710 0.7971% 24.7696%
Oxygen 1,175,800 6.6279 7.1642 0.5363% 6.8140%



Grand Totals For Tables 1-272:
(Total atom count: 79,158,605,941)

Atom Type Atom Type Count Low High Variation Average
Carbon 25,707,295,089 32.3541 32.5186 0.1645% 32.4757%
Hydrogen 28,380,643,650 35.7008 35.9416 0.2408% 35.8529%
Nitrogen 19,727,729,048 24.4739 25.2710 0.7971% 24.9218%
Oxygen 5,342,938,154 6.6279 7.1642 0.5363% 6.7497%

GC Apdx 7

This is an appendix to: On The Origin Of A Genetic Constant - 2




GenBank Genome
Table: 221
(Mango)
URL Link: MK936544.1

Genome info for MK936544.1:

MK936544 13264 bp DNA linear PLN 16-JUL-2019 Mangifera indica polygalacturonase PG22-8 gene complete cds.

Nucleotide count: 13,264

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 64,000 32.5638
Hydrogen 70,543 35.8930
Nitrogen 49,011 24.9373
Oxygen 12,983 6.6059
Totals 196,537 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 222
(Onion)
URL Link: AY585677.3

Genome info for AY585677.3:

AY585677 11022 bp DNA linear PLN 02-SEP-2014 Allium cepa transposon PINK complete sequence; and anthocyanidin

Nucleotide count: 11,022

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 53,183 32.6280
Hydrogen 58,723 36.0268
Nitrogen 40,417 24.7960
Oxygen 10,675 6.5492
Totals 162,998 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 223
(Onion)
URL Link: KU318712.1

Genome info for KU318712.1:

KU318712 316363 bp DNA circular PLN 02-MAY-2016 Allium cepa mitochondrion complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 316,363

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 1,510,312 32.3103
Hydrogen 1,667,772 35.6789
Nitrogen 1,180,938 25.2640
Oxygen 315,376 6.7469
Totals 4,674,398 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 224
(Onion)
URL Link: KM088013.1

Genome info for KM088013.1:

KM088013 153529 bp DNA circular PLN 03-AUG-2015 Allium cepa chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 153,529

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 738,886 32.5047
Hydrogen 816,620 35.9243
Nitrogen 563,202 24.7761
Oxygen 154,458 6.7948
Totals 2,273,166 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 225
(Onion)
URL Link: KM088014.1

Genome info for KM088014.1:

KM088014 153440 bp DNA circular PLN 03-AUG-2015 Allium cepa strain CMS-S chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 153,440

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 738,455 32.5044
Hydrogen 816,135 35.9236
Nitrogen 562,905 24.7772
Oxygen 154,369 6.7948
Totals 2,271,864 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 226
(Onion)
URL Link: KM088015.1

Genome info for KM088015.1:

KM088015 153568 bp DNA circular PLN 03-AUG-2015 Allium cepa strain CMS-T chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 153,568

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 739,075 32.5048
Hydrogen 816,836 35.9248
Nitrogen 563,322 24.7751
Oxygen 154,505 6.7952
Totals 2,273,738 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 227
(Orange)
URL Link: DQ864733.1

Genome info for DQ864733.1:

DQ864733 160129 bp DNA linear PLN 14-JUL-2016 Citrus sinensis chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 160,129

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 769,240 32.4664
Hydrogen 850,373 35.8907
Nitrogen 588,651 24.8445
Oxygen 161,077 6.7984
Totals 2,369,341 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 228
(Orange)
URL Link: ON641345.1

Genome info for ON641345.1:

ON641345 160121 bp DNA circular PLN 27-AUG-2022 Citrus sinensis isolate BPTPS119 voucher LISE:96440 chloroplast

Nucleotide count: 160,121

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 769,203 32.4665
Hydrogen 850,336 35.8910
Nitrogen 588,608 24.8439
Oxygen 161,074 6.7986
Totals 2,369,221 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 229
(Orange)
URL Link: ON685189.1

Genome info for ON685189.1:

ON685189 42160 bp DNA linear PLN 25-JUL-2022 UNVERIFIED: Citrus sinensis sequence.

Nucleotide count: 42,160

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 203,203 32.5386
Hydrogen 223,871 35.8481
Nitrogen 156,393 25.0430
Oxygen 41,032 6.5704
Totals 624,499 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 230
(Orange)
URL Link: ON911462.1

Genome info for ON911462.1:

ON911462 160121 bp DNA circular PLN 06-MAY-2023 Citrus sinensis voucher WTFRC10032732 plastid complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 160,121

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 769,203 32.4665
Hydrogen 850,335 35.8909
Nitrogen 588,611 24.8441
Oxygen 161,073 6.7986
Totals 2,369,222 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 231
(Orange)
URL Link: MH885870.1

Genome info for MH885870.1:

MH885870 12511 bp DNA linear PLN 27-FEB-2019 Citrus sinensis voucher CRC950 basic helix-loop-helix transcription

Nucleotide count: 12,511

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 60,371 32.4912
Hydrogen 66,493 35.7861
Nitrogen 46,373 24.9576
Oxygen 12,570 6.7651
Totals 185,807 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 232
(Pineapple)
URL Link: LR828281.1

Genome info for LR828281.1:

LR828281 10526445 bp DNA linear PLN 15-JUL-2020 Ananas comosus genome assembly
chromosome: 1.

Nucleotide count: 10,385,241
Non-Nucleotide Count: 141,204

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 49,928,087 32.4661
Hydrogen 55,125,190 35.8455
Nitrogen 38,333,014 24.9263
Oxygen 10,399,196 6.7621
Totals 153,785,487 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 233
(Pineapple)
URL Link: LR828282.1

Genome info for LR828282.1:

LR828282 17334668 bp DNA linear PLN 15-JUL-2020 Ananas comosus genome assembly
chromosome: 2.

Nucleotide count: 17,052,651
Non-Nucleotide Count: 282,017

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 82,048,486 32.4853
Hydrogen 90,592,881 35.8683
Nitrogen 62,844,839 24.8821
Oxygen 17,084,641 6.7643
Totals 252,570,847 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 234
(Pineapple)
URL Link: LR828283.1

Genome info for LR828283.1:

LR828283 16781886 bp DNA linear PLN 15-JUL-2020 Ananas comosus genome assembly
chromosome: 3.

Nucleotide count: 16,540,692
Non-Nucleotide Count: 241,194

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 79,599,168 32.4877
Hydrogen 87,868,337 35.8627
Nitrogen 61,000,245 24.8967
Oxygen 16,545,310 6.7528
Totals 245,013,060 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 235
(Pineapple)
URL Link: LR828284.1

Genome info for LR828284.1:

LR828284 15584765 bp DNA linear PLN 15-JUL-2020 Ananas comosus genome assembly
chromosome: 4.

Nucleotide count: 15,347,886
Non-Nucleotide Count: 236,879

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 73,857,527 32.4888
Hydrogen 81,537,220 35.8669
Nitrogen 56,582,254 24.8896
Oxygen 15,355,495 6.7546
Totals 227,332,496 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 236
(Pineapple)
URL Link: LR828285.1

Genome info for LR828285.1:

LR828285 15024279 bp DNA linear PLN 15-JUL-2020 Ananas comosus genome assembly
chromosome: 5.

Nucleotide count: 14,816,345
Non-Nucleotide Count: 207,934

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 71,311,254 32.4912
Hydrogen 78,724,770 35.8690
Nitrogen 54,611,648 24.8825
Oxygen 14,830,857 6.7573
Totals 219,478,529 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 237
(Potato)
URL Link: A85204.1

Genome info for A85204.1:

A85204 10811 bp DNA linear PAT 21-JAN-2000 Sequence 1 from Patent WO9841643.

Nucleotide count: 10,811

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 52,435 32.6606
Hydrogen 57,840 36.0273
Nitrogen 39,460 24.5788
Oxygen 10,810 6.7333
Totals 160,545 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 238
(Potato)
URL Link: AX709863.1

Genome info for AX709863.1:

AX709863 10388 bp DNA linear PAT 10-APR-2003 Sequence 1 from Patent EP1288301.

Nucleotide count: 10,388

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 50,173 32.5087
Hydrogen 55,429 35.9143
Nitrogen 37,939 24.5819
Oxygen 10,796 6.9951
Totals 154,337 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 239
(Potato)
URL Link: AX716983.1

Genome info for AX716983.1:

AX716983 10388 bp DNA linear PAT 15-APR-2003 Sequence 1 from Patent WO03020013.

Nucleotide count: 10,388

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 50,173 32.5087
Hydrogen 55,429 35.9143
Nitrogen 37,939 24.5819
Oxygen 10,796 6.9951
Totals 154,337 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 240
(Potato)
URL Link: JA063118.1

Genome info for JA063118.1:

JA063118 11000 bp DNA linear PAT 06-APR-2011 Sequence 13 from Patent WO2011028120.

Nucleotide count: 11,000

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 52,646 32.4437
Hydrogen 58,434 36.0106
Nitrogen 39,990 24.6443
Oxygen 11,199 6.9015
Totals 162,269 ~100.00




Interim Totals For Tables 221-240:
(Total atom count: 1,118,582,698)

Atom Type Atom Type Count Low High Variation Average
Carbon 363,365,080 32.3103 32.6606 0.3503% 32.4844%
Hydrogen 401,163,567 35.6789 36.0273 0.3484% 35.8636%
Nitrogen 278,455,759 24.5788 25.2640 0.6852% 24.8936%
Oxygen 75,598,292 6.5492 6.9951 0.4459% 6.7584%



GenBank Genome
Table: 241
(Potato)
URL Link: JA361408.1

Genome info for JA361408.1:

JA361408 11149 bp DNA linear PAT 16-MAY-2011 Sequence 1 from Patent EP2319872.

Nucleotide count: 11,149

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 52,978 32.2006
Hydrogen 58,409 35.5016
Nitrogen 42,219 25.6611
Oxygen 10,919 6.6367
Totals 164,525 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 242
(Radish)
URL Link: CQ815007.1

Genome info for CQ815007.1:

CQ815007 22770 bp DNA linear PAT 24-MAY-2004 Sequence 7 from Patent WO2004039988.

Nucleotide count: 22,770

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 110,231 32.5513
Hydrogen 121,756 35.9546
Nitrogen 82,894 24.4786
Oxygen 23,757 7.0155
Totals 338,638 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 243
(Radish)
URL Link: PA560131.1

Genome info for PA560131.1:

PA560131 10555 bp DNA linear PAT 27-JAN-2023 WO 2022210099-A/1: Intergeneric cruciferous plants high in

Nucleotide count: 10,555

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 50,291 32.3710
Hydrogen 55,969 36.0258
Nitrogen 38,225 24.6045
Oxygen 10,873 6.9987
Totals 155,358 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 244
(Radish)
URL Link: LR778310.1

Genome info for LR778310.1:

LR778310 58898396 bp DNA linear PLN 11-MAR-2020 Raphanus sativus genome assembly chromosome: 1.

Nucleotide count: 58,891,596
Non-Nucleotide Count: 6,800

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 284,033,564 32.5370
Hydrogen 313,452,356 35.9070
Nitrogen 216,626,020 24.8152
Oxygen 58,843,317 6.7407
Totals 872,955,257 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 245
(Radish)
URL Link: LR778311.1

Genome info for LR778311.1:

LR778311 53721154 bp DNA linear PLN 11-MAR-2020 Raphanus sativus genome assembly chromosome: 2.

Nucleotide count: 53,716,254
Non-Nucleotide Count: 4,900

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 259,042,535 32.5338
Hydrogen 285,900,936 35.9071
Nitrogen 197,544,802 24.8102
Oxygen 53,736,756 6.7489
Totals 796,225,029 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 246
(Radish)
URL Link: LR778312.1

Genome info for LR778312.1:

LR778312 45313491 bp DNA linear PLN 11-MAR-2020 Raphanus sativus genome assembly chromosome: 3.

Nucleotide count: 45,304,691
Non-Nucleotide Count: 8,800

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 218,326,893 32.5203
Hydrogen 240,960,417 35.8916
Nitrogen 166,819,445 24.8481
Oxygen 45,249,318 6.7400
Totals 671,356,073 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 247
(Sandalwood)
URL Link: MW464915.1

Genome info for MW464915.1:

MW464915 144034 bp DNA circular PLN 09-APR-2023 Santalum album chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 144,034

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 692,284 32.4774
Hydrogen 765,589 35.9164
Nitrogen 528,141 24.7769
Oxygen 145,570 6.8292
Totals 2,131,584 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 248
(Sandalwood)
URL Link: MW464922.1

Genome info for MW464922.1:

MW464922 144101 bp DNA circular PLN 09-APR-2023 Santalum album chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 144,101

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 692,606 32.4776
Hydrogen 765,946 35.9166
Nitrogen 528,384 24.7769
Oxygen 145,631 6.8289
Totals 2,132,567 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 249
(Sandalwood)
URL Link: MN106256.1

Genome info for MN106256.1:

MN106256 144101 bp DNA circular PLN 31-MAY-2020 Santalum album chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 144,101

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 692,606 32.4776
Hydrogen 765,946 35.9166
Nitrogen 528,384 24.7769
Oxygen 145,631 6.8289
Totals 2,132,567 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 250
(Sandalwood)
URL Link: MN414167.1

Genome info for MN414167.1:

MN414167 144030 bp DNA linear PLN 07-JUN-2021 UNVERIFIED: Santalum album chloroplast sequence sequence.

Nucleotide count: 144,030

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 692,266 32.4774
Hydrogen 765,568 35.9164
Nitrogen 528,128 24.7770
Oxygen 145,567 6.8292
Totals 2,131,529 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 251
(Sandalwood)
URL Link: OQ868374.1

Genome info for OQ868374.1:

OQ868374 351043 bp DNA circular PLN 27-MAY-2023 Santalum album mitochondrion complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 351,043

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 1,675,641 32.3006
Hydrogen 1,850,803 35.6772
Nitrogen 1,309,303 25.2389
Oxygen 351,894 6.7833
Totals 5,187,641 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 252
(Spinach)
URL Link: MP149093.1

Genome info for MP149093.1:

MP149093 10415 bp DNA linear PAT 15-MAY-2019 Sequence 18 from Patent WO2019063839.

Nucleotide count: 10,415

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 50,330 32.5293
Hydrogen 55,574 35.9186
Nitrogen 38,088 24.6171
Oxygen 10,730 6.9350
Totals 154,722 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 253
(Spinach)
URL Link: MP149096.1

Genome info for MP149096.1:

MP149096 17524 bp DNA linear PAT 15-MAY-2019 Sequence 21 from Patent WO2019063839.

Nucleotide count: 17,482
Non-Nucleotide Count: 42

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 84,502 32.5272
Hydrogen 93,255 35.8964
Nitrogen 64,059 24.6581
Oxygen 17,973 6.9183
Totals 259,789 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 254
(Spinach)
URL Link: AF035536.1

Genome info for AF035536.1:

AF035536 10328 bp DNA linear PLN 28-APR-1998 Spinacia oleracea cold acclimation protein CAP160 gene complete

Nucleotide count: 10,322
Non-Nucleotide Count: 6

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 49,702 32.4597
Hydrogen 54,827 35.8068
Nitrogen 38,143 24.9107
Oxygen 10,447 6.8228
Totals 153,119 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 255
(Spinach)
URL Link: KY768855.1

Genome info for KY768855.1:

KY768855 329613 bp DNA circular PLN 12-AUG-2017 Spinacia oleracea mitochondrion complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 329,613

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 1,576,222 32.3543
Hydrogen 1,741,611 35.7492
Nitrogen 1,223,741 25.1191
Oxygen 330,178 6.7774
Totals 4,871,752 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 256
(Spinach)
URL Link: AJ400848.1

Genome info for AJ400848.1:

AJ400848 150725 bp DNA circular PLN 26-JUL-2016 Spinacia oleracea complete chloroplast genome.

Nucleotide count: 150,725

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 725,348 32.5044
Hydrogen 801,725 35.9271
Nitrogen 552,771 24.7709
Oxygen 151,691 6.7976
Totals 2,231,535 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 257
(Tomato)
URL Link: DQ347959.1

Genome info for DQ347959.1:

DQ347959 155461 bp DNA circular PLN 13-JAN-2014 Solanum lycopersicum cultivar LA3023 chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 155,461

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 747,381 32.4807
Hydrogen 826,266 35.9089
Nitrogen 570,574 24.7968
Oxygen 156,782 6.8136
Totals 2,301,003 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 258
(Turmeric)
URL Link: MK919702.1

Genome info for MK919702.1:

MK919702 159550 bp DNA circular PLN 05-JUL-2019 Curcuma longa voucher wen13706 chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 159,477
Non-Nucleotide Count: 73

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 767,897 32.5157
Hydrogen 848,810 35.9419
Nitrogen 584,134 24.7345
Oxygen 160,777 6.8079
Totals 2,361,618 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 259
(Turmeric)
URL Link: MK965541.1

Genome info for MK965541.1:

MK965541 162255 bp DNA circular PLN 20-JAN-2020 Curcuma longa chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 162,255

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 781,401 32.5187
Hydrogen 863,476 35.9344
Nitrogen 594,924 24.7583
Oxygen 163,125 6.7886
Totals 2,402,926 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 260
(Turmeric)
URL Link: MN711722.1

Genome info for MN711722.1:

MN711722 162232 bp DNA circular PLN 04-APR-2020 Curcuma longa chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 162,232

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 781,283 32.5186
Hydrogen 863,384 35.9359
Nitrogen 594,734 24.7541
Oxygen 163,169 6.7914
Totals 2,402,570 ~100.00




Interim Totals For Tables 241-260:
(Total atom count: 2,372,049,802)

Atom Type Atom Type Count Low High Variation Average
Carbon 771,625,961 32.2006 32.5513 0.3507% 32.5299%
Hydrogen 851,612,623 35.5016 36.0258 0.5242% 35.9020%
Nitrogen 588,837,113 24.4786 25.6611 1.1825% 24.8240%
Oxygen 159,974,105 6.6367 7.0155 0.3788% 6.7441%

GC Apdx 6

This is an appendix to: On The Origin Of A Genetic Constant - 2





GenBank Genome
Table: 181
(Apple)
URL Link: LC360749.1

Genome info for LC360749.1:

LC360749 71915 bp DNA linear PLN 05-JUN-2019 Malus domestica Starking Delicious DNA BAC clone SD-241 O01

Nucleotide count: 71,915

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 346,519 32.4896
Hydrogen 382,300 35.8445
Nitrogen 265,288 24.8734
Oxygen 72,445 6.7924
Totals 1,066,552 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 182
(Capsicum)
URL Link: AX076880.1

Genome info for AX076880.1:

AX076880 31491 bp DNA linear PAT 22-FEB-2001 Sequence 1 from Patent WO0107635.

Nucleotide count: 31,491

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 151,111 32.4503
Hydrogen 166,958 35.8534
Nitrogen 116,258 24.9658
Oxygen 31,342 6.7305
Totals 465,669 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 183
(Capsicum)
URL Link: AY702979.1

Genome info for AY702979.1:

AY702979 103975 bp DNA linear PLN 16-NOV-2006 Capsicum annuum clone YAC YCA22D8 genomic sequence.

Nucleotide count: 103,975

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 501,460 32.5311
Hydrogen 553,580 35.9123
Nitrogen 381,930 24.7769
Oxygen 104,508 6.7797
Totals 1,541,478 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 184
(Capsicum)
URL Link: KJ619462.1

Genome info for KJ619462.1:

KJ619462 156612 bp DNA circular PLN 04-JUN-2014 Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 156,612

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 753,058 32.4833
Hydrogen 832,403 35.9058
Nitrogen 575,027 24.8039
Oxygen 157,806 6.8070
Totals 2,318,294 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 185
(Capsicum)
URL Link: KJ865409.1

Genome info for KJ865409.1:

KJ865409 507452 bp DNA circular PLN 30-JUL-2014 Capsicum annuum cultivar CMS line FS4401 mitochondrion complete

Nucleotide count: 507,452

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 2,424,331 32.3287
Hydrogen 2,677,909 35.7102
Nitrogen 1,889,455 25.1961
Oxygen 507,310 6.7650
Totals 7,499,005 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 186
(Capsicum)
URL Link: KJ865410.1

Genome info for KJ865410.1:

KJ865410 511530 bp DNA circular PLN 30-JUL-2014 Capsicum annuum cultivar Jeju mitochondrion complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 511,530

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 2,443,984 32.3291
Hydrogen 2,698,551 35.6965
Nitrogen 1,907,615 25.2340
Oxygen 509,559 6.7405
Totals 7,559,709 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 187
(Clove)
URL Link: MN746306.1

Genome info for MN746306.1:

MN746306 159370 bp DNA circular PLN 01-APR-2020 Syzygium aromaticum chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 159,370

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 766,900 32.5034
Hydrogen 847,809 35.9326
Nitrogen 584,073 24.7547
Oxygen 160,661 6.8093
Totals 2,359,443 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 188
(Clove)
URL Link: ON920513.1

Genome info for ON920513.1:

ON920513 159377 bp DNA circular PLN 11-SEP-2022 Syzygium aromaticum chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 159,377

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 766,935 32.5035
Hydrogen 847,850 35.9327
Nitrogen 584,090 24.7543
Oxygen 160,673 6.8095
Totals 2,359,548 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 189
(Clove)
URL Link: OL405118.1

Genome info for OL405118.1:

OL405118 160699 bp DNA circular PLN 04-OCT-2022 Syzygium aromaticum chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 160,699

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 772,045 32.4679
Hydrogen 853,496 35.8933
Nitrogen 590,592 24.8370
Oxygen 161,739 6.8018
Totals 2,377,872 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 190
(Coriander)
URL Link: KR002656.1

Genome info for KR002656.1:

KR002656 146519 bp DNA circular PLN 24-MAR-2016 Coriandrum sativum chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 146,519

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 704,734 32.4939
Hydrogen 779,237 35.9291
Nitrogen 536,947 24.7576
Oxygen 147,900 6.8194
Totals 2,168,818 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 191
(Coriander)
URL Link: MW477237.1

Genome info for MW477237.1:

MW477237 82926 bp DNA circular PLN 23-MAR-2021 Coriandrum sativum mitochondrion chromosome 1 complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 82,926

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 395,840 32.3216
Hydrogen 437,785 35.7466
Nitrogen 307,585 25.1153
Oxygen 83,481 6.8165
Totals 1,224,691 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 192
(Coriander)
URL Link: MW477238.1

Genome info for MW477238.1:

MW477238 224590 bp DNA circular PLN 23-MAR-2021 Coriandrum sativum mitochondrion chromosome 2 complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 224,590

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 1,071,555 32.3139
Hydrogen 1,184,485 35.7194
Nitrogen 835,555 25.1970
Oxygen 224,489 6.7697
Totals 3,316,084 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 193
(Cotton)
URL Link: HC207882.1

Genome info for HC207882.1:

HC207882 165250 bp DNA linear PAT 11-MAR-2010 Sequence 53 from Patent WO2009143995.

Nucleotide count: 164,705
Non-Nucleotide Count: 545

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 796,631 32.6143
Hydrogen 879,285 35.9982
Nitrogen 602,457 24.6648
Oxygen 164,206 6.7226
Totals 2,442,579 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 194
(Cotton)
URL Link: AY632359.1

Genome info for AY632359.1:

AY632359 103930 bp DNA linear PLN 09-JUN-2006 Gossypium hirsutum BAC 155C17 complete sequence.

Nucleotide count: 103,930

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 502,796 32.6030
Hydrogen 554,825 35.9767
Nitrogen 380,417 24.6675
Oxygen 104,141 6.7528
Totals 1,542,179 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 195
(Cotton)
URL Link: AY632360.1

Genome info for AY632360.1:

AY632360 135862 bp DNA linear PLN 26-JUL-2016 Gossypium hirsutum BAC 106I22 complete sequence.

Nucleotide count: 135,862

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 656,577 32.5923
Hydrogen 724,634 35.9707
Nitrogen 497,872 24.7142
Oxygen 135,431 6.7228
Totals 2,014,514 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 196
(Cotton)
URL Link: HQ650105.1

Genome info for HQ650105.1:

HQ650105 35934 bp DNA linear PLN 05-JUN-2012 Gossypium hirsutum clone BAC 259M16 complete sequence.

Nucleotide count: 35,934

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 173,555 32.5502
Hydrogen 192,038 36.0167
Nitrogen 130,336 24.4445
Oxygen 37,263 6.9887
Totals 533,192 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 197
(Cotton)
URL Link: HQ650106.1

Genome info for HQ650106.1:

HQ650106 121433 bp DNA linear PLN 05-JUN-2012 Gossypium hirsutum clone BAC 067L14 complete sequence.

Nucleotide count: 121,433

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 586,172 32.5843
Hydrogen 648,360 36.0412
Nitrogen 441,594 24.5474
Oxygen 122,815 6.8271
Totals 1,798,941 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 198
(Cucumber)
URL Link: LP638829.1

Genome info for LP638829.1:

LP638829 11900 bp DNA linear PAT 19-FEB-2016 Sequence 23 from Patent WO2015040098.

Nucleotide count: 11,900

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 57,792 32.6706
Hydrogen 63,890 36.1179
Nitrogen 42,914 24.2599
Oxygen 12,297 6.9517
Totals 176,893 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 199
(Cucumber)
URL Link: AY521596.1

Genome info for AY521596.1:

AY521596 16653 bp DNA linear PLN 09-JAN-2005 Cucumis sativus isolate GY-14 chloroplast sequence.

Nucleotide count: 16,653

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 79,939 32.5144
Hydrogen 88,763 36.1035
Nitrogen 60,119 24.4528
Oxygen 17,036 6.9292
Totals 245,857 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 200
(Cucumber)
URL Link: HQ860792.1

Genome info for HQ860792.1:

HQ860792 1555935 bp DNA circular PLN 25-JUL-2016 Cucumis sativus cultivar Calypso chromosome 1 complete sequence.

Nucleotide count: 1,555,935

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 7,435,778 32.3348
Hydrogen 8,213,254 35.7157
Nitrogen 5,791,144 25.1831
Oxygen 1,556,016 6.7664
Totals 22,996,192 ~100.00




Interim Totals For Tables 181-200:
(Total atom count: 66,007,510)

Atom Type Atom Type Count Low High Variation Average
Carbon 21,387,712 32.3139 32.6706 0.3567% 32.4019%
Hydrogen 23,627,412 35.6965 36.1179 0.4214% 35.7950%
Nitrogen 16,521,268 24.2599 25.2340 0.9741% 25.0294%
Oxygen 4,471,118 6.7226 6.9887 0.2661% 6.7737%



GenBank Genome
Table: 201
(Cucumber)
URL Link: HQ860793.1

Genome info for HQ860793.1:

HQ860793 44840 bp DNA circular PLN 25-JUL-2016 Cucumis sativus cultivar Calypso chromosome 3 complete sequence.

Nucleotide count: 44,840

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 214,142 32.3351
Hydrogen 236,907 35.7726
Nitrogen 165,963 25.0601
Oxygen 45,247 6.8322
Totals 662,259 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 202
(Cucumber)
URL Link: HQ860794.1

Genome info for HQ860794.1:

HQ860794 83817 bp DNA circular PLN 25-JUL-2016 Cucumis sativus cultivar Calypso chromosome 2 complete sequence.

Nucleotide count: 83,817

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 400,793 32.3276
Hydrogen 441,933 35.6460
Nitrogen 313,957 25.3235
Oxygen 83,101 6.7029
Totals 1,239,784 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 203
(Garlic)
URL Link: KY363332.1

Genome info for KY363332.1:

KY363332 153131 bp DNA circular PLN 08-AUG-2017 Allium sativum chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 153,131

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 737,050 32.5075
Hydrogen 814,672 35.9310
Nitrogen 561,394 24.7602
Oxygen 154,206 6.8012
Totals 2,267,322 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 204
(Garlic)
URL Link: KX683282.1

Genome info for KX683282.1:

KX683282 153172 bp DNA circular PLN 23-OCT-2016 Allium sativum chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 153,172

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 737,254 32.5076
Hydrogen 814,870 35.9299
Nitrogen 561,618 24.7633
Oxygen 154,199 6.7991
Totals 2,267,941 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 205
(Garlic)
URL Link: KY085913.1

Genome info for KY085913.1:

KY085913 153118 bp DNA circular PLN 29-APR-2017 Allium sativum plastid complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 153,116
Non-Nucleotide Count: 2

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 736,983 32.5076
Hydrogen 814,585 35.9306
Nitrogen 561,371 24.7615
Oxygen 154,169 6.8002
Totals 2,267,108 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 206
(Garlic)
URL Link: MK335928.1

Genome info for MK335928.1:

MK335928 153189 bp DNA circular PLN 28-AUG-2019 Allium sativum cultivar CangShanPuKe chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 153,189

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 737,331 32.5077
Hydrogen 814,968 35.9306
Nitrogen 561,648 24.7621
Oxygen 154,227 6.7996
Totals 2,268,174 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 207
(Lettuce)
URL Link: AF072271.1

Genome info for AF072271.1:

AF072271 13914 bp DNA linear PLN 10-JAN-1999 Lactuca sativa resistance protein candidate RGC2J RGC2J gene

Nucleotide count: 13,914

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 67,019 32.5103
Hydrogen 73,889 35.8429
Nitrogen 51,511 24.9875
Oxygen 13,728 6.6593
Totals 206,147 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 208
(Lettuce)
URL Link: AF072272.1

Genome info for AF072272.1:

AF072272 11988 bp DNA linear PLN 10-JAN-1999 Lactuca sativa resistance protein candidate RGC2K RGC2K gene

Nucleotide count: 11,964
Non-Nucleotide Count: 24

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 57,917 32.5519
Hydrogen 63,715 35.8106
Nitrogen 44,329 24.9149
Oxygen 11,961 6.7226
Totals 177,922 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 209
(Lettuce)
URL Link: KC676791.1

Genome info for KC676791.1:

KC676791 156418 bp DNA linear PLN 28-MAY-2013 Lactuca sativa hypothetical protein cysteine-rich RLK

Nucleotide count: 156,418

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 752,788 32.4926
Hydrogen 831,513 35.8906
Nitrogen 575,217 24.8281
Oxygen 157,282 6.7888
Totals 2,316,800 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 210
(Lettuce)
URL Link: DQ383816.1

Genome info for DQ383816.1:

DQ383816 152772 bp DNA circular PLN 07-MAR-2014 Lactuca sativa cultivar Salinas chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 152,772

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 735,547 32.4887
Hydrogen 811,800 35.8568
Nitrogen 563,414 24.8857
Oxygen 153,245 6.7688
Totals 2,264,006 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 211
(Lettuce)
URL Link: JX485630.1

Genome info for JX485630.1:

JX485630 169621 bp DNA linear PLN 28-OCT-2012 Lactuca sativa cultivar Diana flowering locus T FT gene complete

Nucleotide count: 169,621

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 816,816 32.4672
Hydrogen 900,476 35.7925
Nitrogen 628,414 24.9785
Oxygen 170,116 6.7618
Totals 2,515,822 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 212
(Maize)
URL Link: MN905575.1

Genome info for MN905575.1:

MN905575 18421 bp DNA circular INV 21-APR-2020 Sitophilus zeamais mitochondrion
complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 18,414
Non-Nucleotide Count: 7

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 89,219 32.7850
Hydrogen 98,690 36.2652
Nitrogen 66,508 24.4394
Oxygen 17,717 6.5104
Totals 272,134 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 213
(Maize)
URL Link: MT294139.1

Genome info for MT294139.1:

MT294139 18531 bp DNA circular INV 03-JUN-2020 Sitophilus zeamais mitochondrion
complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 18,531

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 89,779 32.7857
Hydrogen 99,312 36.2670
Nitrogen 66,932 24.4424
Oxygen 17,813 6.5050
Totals 273,836 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 214
(Maize)
URL Link: AY705912.1

Genome info for AY705912.1:

AY705912 40000 bp DNA linear PLN 24-NOV-2004 Zea mays cytotype NA hypothetical protein genes complete cds;

Nucleotide count: 40,000

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 191,308 32.3662
Hydrogen 211,453 35.7744
Nitrogen 148,257 25.0827
Oxygen 40,055 6.7767
Totals 591,073 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 215
(Maize)
URL Link: AY883559.2

Genome info for AY883559.2:

AY883559 169976 bp DNA linear PLN 15-AUG-2005 Zea mays cultivar inbred line B73 teosinte glume architecture 1

Nucleotide count: 168,428
Non-Nucleotide Count: 1,548

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 800,672 32.2469
Hydrogen 886,336 35.6970
Nitrogen 626,616 25.2368
Oxygen 169,320 6.8193
Totals 2,482,944 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 216
(Maize)
URL Link: KM013688.1

Genome info for KM013688.1:

KM013688 14287 bp DNA linear PLN 08-OCT-2014 Zea mays subsp. mays transposon activator Ac element Ac P1 gene

Nucleotide count: 14,287

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 68,250 32.3085
Hydrogen 75,487 35.7343
Nitrogen 52,909 25.0463
Oxygen 14,599 6.9109
Totals 211,245 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 217
(Mango)
URL Link: KY635882.1

Genome info for KY635882.1:

KY635882 157780 bp DNA circular PLN 11-JUN-2017 Mangifera indica chloroplast complete genome.

Nucleotide count: 157,780

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 758,501 32.4800
Hydrogen 838,466 35.9042
Nitrogen 579,404 24.8108
Oxygen 158,918 6.8051
Totals 2,335,289 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 218
(Mango)
URL Link: KX871231.1

Genome info for KX871231.1:

KX871231 157780 bp DNA circular PLN 13-NOV-2017 Mangifera indica voucher PDBK 2014-0249 chloroplast complete

Nucleotide count: 157,780

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 758,501 32.4800
Hydrogen 838,466 35.9042
Nitrogen 579,404 24.8108
Oxygen 158,918 6.8051
Totals 2,335,289 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 219
(Mango)
URL Link: EF205595.2

Genome info for EF205595.2:

EF205595 33021 bp DNA linear PLN 24-JUL-2016 Mangifera indica large single copy region partial sequence; and

Nucleotide count: 31,921
Non-Nucleotide Count: 1,100

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 153,121 32.3907
Hydrogen 168,874 35.7231
Nitrogen 118,830 25.1369
Oxygen 31,906 6.7493
Totals 472,731 ~100.00




GenBank Genome
Table: 220
(Mango)
URL Link: MK936539.1

Genome info for MK936539.1:

MK936539 34869 bp DNA linear PLN 16-JUL-2019 Mangifera indica polygalacturonase PG40-1 gene complete cds.

Nucleotide count: 33,696
Non-Nucleotide Count: 1,173

Atom Atom Count Percent
Carbon 162,937 32.6107
Hydrogen 179,958 36.0173
Nitrogen 122,960 24.6096
Oxygen 33,788 6.7624
Totals 499,643 ~100.00




Interim Totals For Tables 201-220:
(Total atom count: 27,927,469)

Atom Type Atom Type Count Low High Variation Average
Carbon 9,065,928 32.2469 32.7857 0.5388% 32.4624%
Hydrogen 10,016,370 35.6460 36.2670 0.6210% 35.8657%
Nitrogen 6,950,656 24.4394 25.3235 0.8841% 24.8882%
Oxygen 1,894,515 6.5050 6.9109 0.4059% 6.7837%