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Friday, March 29, 2019

Mysterious Zones of The Arctic - 6

Fig. 1 Late March
I. Ice One

The desperate deniers are doing the same thing with a recent glacial event in Greenland that they are doing with the four-page Barr report about the multiple hundreds of pages of the Mueller report.

They are exaggerating at best, blatantly lying at worst.

A paper reported at Live Science points out that the ice face and grounding line of the Jakobshavn glacier has been retreating for a long time, that is, since the ice shelf holding the glacier back, broke away and disappeared in the early 2000's.

That started about a 15 year retreat, but then circa 2016 the Jakobshavn glacier began to thicken and move forward again.

In other words, more ice was detected in it, beginning at its terminus then extending back some distance toward its source, the Greenland ice sheet.

This could be, among other things, a phenomenon of more of the ice sheet flowing out, or it could also be because the tidal waters in contact with the glacier have cooled.

Either way, as in financial net worth, the bottom line is the one to ponder:
"Preliminary data reported from the reference glaciers of the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) in 2018 from Argentina, Austria, China, France, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland and United States indicate that 2018 will be the 30th consecutive year of significant negative annual balance (> -200mm); with a mean balance of -1247 mm for the 25 reporting reference glaciers, with only one glacier reporting a positive mass balance ..."
(Alpine glaciers: Another decade of loss, emphasis added). An increase in overall ice mass-loss for some thirty years in a row is a trend by any standard.

The bottom line with the "Jakobshavn is stretching" paper indicates that same trend:
But, as mentioned, the glacier [Jakobshavn] is still contributing to ocean level rise worldwide, as it’s still losing more ice to the ocean than it is gaining from snow accumulation, the researchers said.
(Live Science, emphasis added). Ice sheet mass balance is the subject which those who can’t fathom this issue need to study:
"The mass balance of a glacier or ice sheet is the net balance between the
Fig. 2 Early March
mass gained by snow deposition, and the loss of mass by melting (either at the glacier surface or under the floating ice shelves or ice tongues) and calving (production of icebergs). A negative mass balance means that a glacier is losing mass, and, for grounded glaciers and ice sheets, this mass loss directly contributes to sea level rise (the melting of floating ice shelves and ice tongues does not contribute to sea level rise, because of the lower density of ice as compared to water, which determines the floating portion of the ice). This is one of the reasons why it is important, under a warming climate, to have accurate estimates of the mass balance of glaciers and ice sheets.
"
(ISMASS). That the denier realm made lot’s of comments in the media with little if any value is telling.

They are parroting the dullards in congress and the administration.

They are inspired by those who can’t balance their own check book but are quick to fail to realize the reality of the main issue: ice sheet mass-balance. 

II. Ice Two

I recently wondered if the Arctic-watching satellite was having measurement problems.

I wrote about my concern about that and the sea ice pattern in the Arctic status report in early March (Mysterious Zones of The Arctic - 4).

As it turns out, comparing Fig. 1 with  Fig. 2 shows that the Arctic sea ice is going through a similar trend and process as all glaciers and sea ice do.

That is, they are in a long term trend of losing mass, which is to say losing ice quantity by melting or, in the case of glaciers melting and calving.

III. Ice Three

The big picture in this ice-mass-loss trend is and will continue to be what is happening in Antarctica.

Eventually, Antarctica will become the location of the most ice-mass loss and source of sea level change, overtaking Greenland which is the current record holder (Mysterious Zones of Antarctica, 2, 3, 4).

IV. Ice Collusion

The propaganda engines of Oil-Qaeda will continue as they have for decades to distort the cognition of feeble minds (Humble Oil-Qaeda, Smoke & Fumes).

Groundhog Day (the movie) is in the DNA of the politicians (Groundhog Day & The Climate of Fear, 2, 3).

Nevertheless, don't purchase land with high tide lines on it (i.e. on the bonny coast) if you want to avoid these problematic trends  (Pentagon releases list of military bases most at risk [in the USA] to climate change, Countries With Sea Level Change - 3).

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.



Lyrics to Bonny Portmore here.




Thursday, March 28, 2019

Follow The Immunity - 8

Vote for Ivanka's Daddy Wall Bucks
In a recent post I discussed the commonly known "other people's money" used by money manipulators.

But the biggie discussed in that post, which is not commonly known or discussed, was the use of "other people's power".

The result of using another person's power (absconding with it by deceit) if that other person is a political competitor is achieving a grant of immunity from that political competitor.

But, when it is a power which that political competitor has received from the U.S. Constitution (e.g. the power to impeach), when that political competitor in effect exercises that granting of immunity without the proper congressional process (meaning impeachment is not allowed to be voted on), that is the willful usurpation of the constitution.

The source of immunity that has allowed the president to usurp constitutional accountability has been Witch McConnell in the senate and Antsy Pelosi in the house.

They have done this abomination by declaring that impeachment and removal of office is "off the table."

In terms of criminal exposure, the Department of Justice office of legal counsel, without any statute, court case, or constitutional authority has imposed upon the nation the idea that no matter what crime a president commits, s/he cannot be indicted while in office.

Further, Attorney General Barr, from that same department, has imposed his opinion that the president's mantra "no collusion" is correct (the law be damned).

All this immunity the president is sucking in is the fault of the suckees more than it is the suckors, and resembles another brain dead case (Woman Who Pushed 16-Year-Old Friend Off Bridge Sentenced To 2 Days In Jail).

Listen: YOU WHO DESTROY ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE DESPOTIC MINORITY WILL BE DESTROYED BY THEIR TYRANNY / CRUELTY (How To Identify The Despotic Minority, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).

Reading assignment: (The Authoritarianism of Climate Change, What Next, Mass Depraved-Heart Murder? - 2, Ivanka's Voting Machines, and post coup election).

The previous post in this series is here.

"Something is happening but you don't know what it is ..."



Sunday, March 24, 2019

Countries With Sea Level Change - 3

Fig. 1 Greenland SLC "fingerprints"
I. Updated Appendices

The purpose of this post is to update the appendices so as to make them easier to read and use.

The links to the graphs are unchanged.

That is, only the links to the new data in the new appendices with data concerning the countries that experience sea level change have been updated so as to link to the new appendices.

Some of the updates are: a) HTML tables are used for tide gauge data rather than a long repetitive listing; b) each country has a summary section following the table of PSMSL tide gauge station records; c) the number of gigatons of ice it would take to raise sea levels to the level of that country's current sea level is estimated, and d) an estimate of how many additional millimeters of "ghost water" (water held by ice sheet gravity) would have been released as the ice melted (see video below).

II. Appendix Lists

Tide Gauge Data  Graphs
Countries: A - C A - C
Countries: D - G D - G
Countries: H - L H  -L
Countries: M - O M - O
Countries: P - T P - T
Countries: U - Y U - Y

III. Distances

The "distance" listed in the appendices is the distance from the latitude and longitude center of all the tide gauges in a country to the center of the ice sheet, glacier field, or ice cap listed.

IV. Global Totals

Instead of listing the global totals on one or more of the appendices, I am listing those totals here:
Global Totals:

Total rows of PSMSL in situ data analyzed: 49,603

Summary:

Max-Min RLR: high: 7,483 (RLRmm); low: 6700.25 (RLRmm)
SLC Span: 782.75 (mm)

V. Closing Comments

There are a lot of non-intuitive things to learn when studying the tide gauge records from around the globe (see e.g. Build Your Own Sea Level Change Fingerprinting System - 4).

One of the best lessons we can learn from looking at those tide gauge records is that, like Newton, Woodward (1888) was spot on (Proof of Concept, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; The Evolution and Migration of Sea Level Hinge Points, 2).

The video below points it out succinctly.

The previous post in this series is here.

Dr. Mitrovica video:

08:00 The use of global mean average has led us astray for 100 years.
15:20 Taking the average assumes the imaginary bathtub model.
16:30 It is completely wrong.
21:00 100m of SLF @ Greenland's coast when all ice sheet is gone.
26:40 The Dutch government did not understand the scenario.
28:40 When the ice sheet melts, all the water is distributed in 2 weeks.
29:30 It is error to say that SLF is due only to the land rising.



Appendix: Countries A-C

This is an appendix to Countries With Sea Level Change - 3

Abbreviations:
RLR = revised local reference
mm = millimeter
km = kilometer
Gt = gigaton
SLR = sea level Rise
SLF = sea level Fall
SLC = sea level Change


Country: ALAND ISLANDS

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
KOBBAKLINTAR6343
LEMSTROM8448
HELIGMAN23117
FOGLO / DEGERBY24993

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 13,756.6 km
Antarctica: 6,899.32 km
Glacier Bay: 6,698.17 km
Greenland: 2,844.26 km
Svalbard: 2,040.3 km

SLC: 1st yr (1885) 7,283.44 RLR --> final yr (2017) 6,897.25 RLR {-386.19 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 386.19 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 139,635 Gt; Ghost water loss: 104.271 mm.

Country: AMERICAN SAMOA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PAGO PAGO53968

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 12,876.8 km
Greenland: 12,643.2 km
Patagonia: 10,001.4 km
Glacier Bay: 8,635.52 km
Antarctica: 8,420.67 km

SLC: 1st yr (1948) 6,828.33 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,256 RLR {+427.67 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 427.67 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 154,749 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 115.471 mm.

Country: ANTARCTICA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
ALMIRANTE BROWN85816
ARGENTINE ISLANDS91357
BAHIA ESPERANZA98818
PUERTO SOBERANIA160319
CAPE ROBERTS ANTARCTICA176320
ROTHERA193111
SCOTT BASE202916

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 18,307.7 km
Greenland: 16,389 km
Svalbard: 16,289.9 km
Patagonia: 5,602.82 km
Antarctica: 2,437.53 km

SLC: 1st yr (1957) 7,011 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,062 RLR {+51 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 51 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 18,453.9 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 13.77 mm.

Country: ARGENTINA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
BUENOS AIRES15783
COMODORO RIVADAVIA18120
PUERTO DESEADO18529
QUEQUEN22364
PUERTO MADRYN50147
MAR DEL PLATA (NAVAL BASE)81961
PALERMO83261
MAR DEL PLATA (PUERTO)85721
ISLA MARTIN GARCIA86420
PIRAMIDE86716
ROSALES87014
USHUAIA I87413
USHUAIA II127136

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 14,209.4 km
Glacier Bay: 13,052.5 km
Greenland: 13,013.4 km
Antarctica: 5,433.75 km
Patagonia: 533.609 km

SLC: 1st yr (1905) 7,033.33 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,151.96 RLR {+118.63 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 118.63 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 42,925.2 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 32.0301 mm.

Country: AUSTRALIA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
SYDNEY FORT DENISON65108
PORT HEDLAND18951
SYDNEY FORT DENISON 2196103
PORT PIRIE21676
PORT LINCOLN23052
NEWCASTLE III26764
BEACHPORT3045
YAMBA31031
BALLINA3196
NEWCASTLE I32027
PORT WALLAROO3835
THEVENARD38625
FRANKLIN HARBOR4025
SECOND VALLEY4434
PORT ADELAIDE (OUTER HARBOR)44876
STENHOUSE BAY4923
WHYALLA4934
KINGSTON5157
EDITHBURG5167
CAMP COVE54942
MACKAY56448
PORT AUGUSTA5745
AMERICAN RIVER6313
TOWNSVILLE I63759
BRIGHTON6772
BURNIE68325
COFF'S HARBOUR79915
LORD HOWE ISLAND81823
BRISBANE (WEST INNER BAR)82249
GLADSTONE82539
PORT KEMBLA83126
EDEN83331
KARUMBA83533
NEWCASTLE V83753
HOBART83829
PORT MACDONNELL I87114
DARWIN93527
CAIRNS95346
ALBANY95730
GERALDTON103124
STONY POINT103325
VICTOR HARBOUR106952
ESPERANCE111425
WYNDHAM111633
DEVONPORT111822
WEIPA115743
BROOME115926
MILNER BAY (GROOTE EYLANDT)116025
SPRING BAY121626
EVANS HEAD12293
HAY POINT124633
INCE POINT130019
CAPE LAMBERT132834
NEWCASTLE II133515
WHYALLA III136731
GOODS ISLAND136828
WALLAROO II142037
PORT DOUGLAS 2147128
CAPE FERGUSON149226
MOOLOOLABA 2149332
PORT STANVAC150618
PORTLAND154726
KING BAY154932
PORT GILES155022
SHUTE HARBOUR 2156932
MOURILYAN HARBOUR162932
LUCINDA163032
ONSLOW163132
GOLD COAST SEAWAY 2170430
TURTLE HEAD174919
ROSSLYN BAY176025
HILLARYS176127
EXMOUTH176219
LORNE183625
LOW HEAD20717
PORT ALMA207231
URANGAN II207331
BOWEN II207431
BRUNSWICK HEADS231031
COFFS HARBOUR III231120
JERVIS BAY II231228
PORT MACQUARIE231331
TWEED HEADS231427
ULLADULLA HARBOUR23159
PORT STEPHENS (TOMAREE)231630
TWEED ENTRANCE SOUTH23193
SHOAL BAY23203

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Greenland: 14,868 km
Svalbard: 13,893.1 km
Glacier Bay: 12,218.3 km
Patagonia: 11,688.8 km
Antarctica: 6,816.79 km

SLC: 1st yr (1886) 6,918.92 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,076.83 RLR {+157.91 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 157.91 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 57,138.3 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 42.6357 mm.

Country: BAHAMAS

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
SETTLEMENT POINT164617
SETTLEMENT POINT A192815

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Antarctica: 8,916.21 km
Patagonia: 7,613.32 km
Svalbard: 7,219.94 km
Greenland: 5,798.82 km
Glacier Bay: 5,658.29 km

SLC: 1st yr (1985) 6,947 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,073.77 RLR {+126.77 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 126.77 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 45,870.6 Gt; Ghost water loss: 34.2279 mm.

Country: BAHRAIN

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
MINA SULMAN149424

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 14,221.6 km
Glacier Bay: 10,590.2 km
Greenland: 7,215.07 km
Antarctica: 6,149.21 km
Svalbard: 6,052.1 km

SLC: 1st yr (1979) 6,948.55 RLR --> final yr (2007) 7,030.57 RLR {+82.02 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 82.02 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 29,678.2 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 22.1454 mm.

Country: BANGLADESH

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
HIRON POINT145121
CHARCHANGA149622
CHITTAGONG A219610

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 17,108.7 km
Antarctica: 10,091.4 km
Glacier Bay: 10,072.8 km
Greenland: 8,703.2 km
Svalbard: 7,281.96 km

SLC: 1st yr (1979) 6,778.86 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,089.75 RLR {+310.89 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 310.89 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 112,493 Gt; Ghost water loss: 83.9403 mm.

Country: BELGIUM

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
OOSTENDE41377
ZEEBRUGGE47056
NIEUWPOORT48953

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 12,337.5 km
Glacier Bay: 7,305.21 km
Antarctica: 5,705.55 km
Greenland: 3,261.35 km
Svalbard: 3,066.38 km

SLC: 1st yr (1937) 6,981.96 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,115.04 RLR {+133.08 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 133.08 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 48,153.8 Gt; Ghost water loss: 35.9316 mm.

Country: BERMUDA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
ST. GEORGES / ESSO PIER (BERMUDA)36878
PAGET ISLAND8865

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 8,166.42 km
Antarctica: 7,654.35 km
Svalbard: 6,287.7 km
Glacier Bay: 5,985.12 km
Greenland: 4,925.84 km

SLC: 1st yr (1932) 6,920 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,225.88 RLR {+305.88 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 305.88 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 110,680 Gt; Ghost water loss: 82.5876 mm.

Country: BRAZIL

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
IMBITUBA54221
RECIFE55621
FORTALEZA55919
SALVADOR57820
RIO DE JANEIRO57920
BELEM58020
SALINOPOLIS5898
CANAVIEIRAS69912
CANANEIA72652
ILHA FISCAL103253

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 11,331.8 km
Svalbard: 10,682.1 km
Greenland: 9,680.41 km
Antarctica: 5,010.83 km
Patagonia: 3,996.18 km

SLC: 1st yr (1948) 6,951 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,040.08 RLR {+89.08 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 89.08 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 32,232.8 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 24.0516 mm.

Country: BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
DIEGO GARCIA-C174013
DIEGO GARCIA D219014

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 13,811.6 km
Patagonia: 13,297.8 km
Greenland: 11,424.2 km
Svalbard: 10,093.3 km
Antarctica: 8,067.39 km

SLC: 1st yr (1988) 7,088.11 RLR --> final yr (2016) 6,992.21 RLR {-95.9 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 95.9 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 34,674.7 Gt; Ghost water loss: 25.893 mm.

Country: BULGARIA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
BOURGAS31766
VARNA31868

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 13,352.3 km
Glacier Bay: 8,681.82 km
Antarctica: 5,506.09 km
Greenland: 4,806.5 km
Svalbard: 3,987.65 km

SLC: 1st yr (1929) 6,919.92 RLR --> final yr (1996) 7,048.62 RLR {+128.7 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 128.7 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 46,568.9 Gt; Ghost water loss: 34.749 mm.

Country: CANADA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
POINTE-AU-PERE13872
TOFINO16589
VICTORIA166109
PRINCE RUPERT16793
QUEBEC (LAUZON)17385
VANCOUVER17592
HARRINGTON HBR17652
NEUVILLE192101
POINT ATKINSON19385
SAINT JOHN N.B.195107
PORT AUX BASQUES39258
ST. JOHN'S NFLD.39365
CHARLOTTETOWN42797
PORT ALBERNI52730
ALERT BAY55431
COMOX6304
FULFORD HARBOUR68841
QUEEN CHARLOTTE CITY82956
LANGARA POINT84011
PORT RENFREW84227
RESOLUTE86320
SOOKE92115
BELLA BELLA98457
ST-FRANCOIS99956
TUKTOYAKTUK100037
NAIN102917
LARK HARBOUR104426
PORT HARDY107154
BELLA COOLA10844
PICTOU112132
CAMBRIDGE BAY113214
POINT SAPIN113810
GRINDSTONE11435
PATRICIA BAY115242
YARMOUTH115853
STE-ANNE-DES-MONTS119928
RIVIERE-AU-RENARD121350
BAIE COMEAU121824
TADOUSSAC121923
ST-JEAN-PORT-JOLI122312
DIGBY12303
BAMFIELD124249
NEW WESTMINSTER124549
STEVESTON125529
BOUTILIER POINT125911
WEST ST. MODESTE127820
SAVAGE COVE128013
CAPE PARRY12824
RIVIERE-DU-LOUP128411
NORTH SYDNEY129948
POINTE-DU-CHENE130914
ARGENTIA132147
SEPT-ILES132246
CAMPBELL RIVER132348
SHEDIAC BAY132615
RUSTICO133024
POINT TUPPER133221
TSAWWASSEN13417
LOWER ESCUMINAC134945
DALHOUSIE135819
PORT-ALFRED139239
WINTER HARBOUR179929
LITTLE CORNWALLIS ISLAND18223
NANOOSE BAY18252
ULUKHAKTOK (FORMERLY HOLMAN )193010
QIKIQTARJUAQ19359
CAP AUX MEULES203111
BELLEDUNE206919
BONAVISTA213513

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 10,343.5 km
Antarctica: 9,725.27 km
Svalbard: 4,786.71 km
Greenland: 3,397.74 km
Glacier Bay: 3,316.17 km

SLC: 1st yr (1896) 6,888.86 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,026.67 RLR {+137.81 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 137.81 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 49,865.3 Gt; Ghost water loss: 37.2087 mm.

Country: CAPE VERDE

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PORTO GRANDE (ST. VINCENT) 217695
PALMEIRA191417

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 9,692.93 km
Patagonia: 7,867.23 km
Svalbard: 7,173.47 km
Greenland: 6,542.26 km
Antarctica: 3,226.12 km

SLC: 1st yr (1990) 7,133.75 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,054.12 RLR {+79.63 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 79.63 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 28,813.4 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 21.5001 mm.

Country: CAYMAN ISLANDS

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
NORTH SOUND142220
SOUTH SOUND142619

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Antarctica: 9,101.11 km
Svalbard: 8,076.91 km
Patagonia: 6,844.36 km
Greenland: 6,654.94 km
Glacier Bay: 6,215.01 km

SLC: 1st yr (1976) 6,957.46 RLR --> final yr (1996) 6,973.08 RLR {+15.62 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 15.62 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 5,651.96 Gt; Ghost water loss: 4.2174 mm.

Country: CHILE

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PUNTA ARENAS4736
VALPARAISO49968
ANTOFAGASTA 251073
ANTOFAGASTA51147
ARICA61841
CALDERA61942
CALETA PERCY9944
CORRAL10572
PUERTO WILLIAMS11226
EASTER ISLAND-E127245
EASTER ISLAND-D14628
JUAN FERNANDEZ-C164433
SAN FELIX175129
DIEGO RAMIREZ17857
IQUIQUE II226134
CORRAL II226233
PUNTA ARENAS II226328
ANCUD226419
MELINKA22656

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 13,944.4 km
Greenland: 12,599.5 km
Glacier Bay: 11,914.8 km
Antarctica: 6,019.43 km
Patagonia: 873.406 km

SLC: 1st yr (1944) 7,024 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,037.25 RLR {+13.25 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 13.25 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 4,794.39 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 3.5775 mm.

Country: CHINA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
QINHUANGDAO61445
DALIAN72353
XIAMEN72751
YANTAI73141
ZHAPO93359
KANMEN93459
TANGGU140320
SHIJIUSUO140420
LIANYUNGANG140520
SHANWEI140620
DONGFANG140712
BEIHAI140820
HAIKOU142819
LAOHUTAN151318
NAN SHA173020
XI SHA174528

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 18,538.9 km
Antarctica: 12,593.2 km
Greenland: 8,412.09 km
Glacier Bay: 8,252.62 km
Svalbard: 7,164.72 km

SLC: 1st yr (1950) 7,119.42 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,108.25 RLR {+11.17 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 11.17 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 4,041.76 Gt; Ghost water loss: 3.0159 mm.

Country: COCOS KEELING ISLANDS

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
COCOS ISLAND (HOME IS.)98325

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 13,909.6 km
Glacier Bay: 13,208.5 km
Greenland: 12,544.2 km
Svalbard: 11,122 km
Antarctica: 8,661.21 km

SLC: 1st yr (1993) 6,965.54 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,115.42 RLR {+149.88 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 149.88 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 54,232.7 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 40.4676 mm.

Country: COLOMBIA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
BUENAVENTURA45628
CARTAGENA57244
TUMACO63917
RIOHACHA71417

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 9,305.69 km
Antarctica: 8,471.65 km
Greenland: 7,905.95 km
Glacier Bay: 7,689.4 km
Patagonia: 5,392.65 km

SLC: 1st yr (1941) 7,118.96 RLR --> final yr (1992) 7,221.88 RLR {+102.92 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 102.92 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 37,240.7 Gt; Ghost water loss: 27.7884 mm.

Country: CONGO

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
POINTE NOIRE9383

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 13,485.7 km
Greenland: 9,505.84 km
Svalbard: 9,254.34 km
Patagonia: 8,807.16 km
Antarctica: 1,417.94 km

SLC: 1st yr (1977) 6,981.23 RLR --> final yr (1979) 6,965.75 RLR {-15.48 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 15.48 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 5,597.12 Gt; Ghost water loss: 4.1796 mm.

Country: COOK ISLANDS

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PENRHYN145040
RAROTONGA B184325

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 12,974.2 km
Greenland: 12,441.9 km
Patagonia: 8,989.66 km
Glacier Bay: 8,406.53 km
Antarctica: 8,328.25 km

SLC: 1st yr (1977) 7,080 RLR --> final yr (2017) 6,980.29 RLR {-99.71 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 99.71 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 36,052.2 Gt; Ghost water loss: 26.9217 mm.

Country: COSTA RICA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PUNTARENAS46426
PUERTO LIMON55221
QUEPOS8449
QUEPOS B21898

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Antarctica: 9,356.65 km
Svalbard: 9,179.7 km
Greenland: 7,757.04 km
Glacier Bay: 6,995.94 km
Patagonia: 5,873.33 km

SLC: 1st yr (1941) 7,058.67 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,030 RLR {+28.67 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 28.67 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 10,374 Gt; Ghost water loss: 7.7409 mm.

Country: COTE D IVOIRE

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
ABIDJAN13134

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 11,810.5 km
Patagonia: 8,270.53 km
Svalbard: 8,216.7 km
Greenland: 8,088.02 km
Antarctica: 733.616 km

SLC: 1st yr (1971) 6,972.71 RLR --> final yr (1976) 7,036.33 RLR {+63.62 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 63.62 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 23,020.3 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 17.1774 mm.

Country: CROATIA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
SPLIT - GRADSKA LUKA35261
BAKAR35375
SPLIT RT MARJANA68560
DUBROVNIK76059
ROVINJ76160
VIS-CESKA VILA15749
GAZENICA15776
ZLARIN15786
SUCURAJ170619
UBLI17185
ZADAR185921
PLOCE19459

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 12,607 km
Glacier Bay: 8,408.57 km
Antarctica: 5,111.4 km
Greenland: 4,395 km
Svalbard: 3,862.98 km

SLC: 1st yr (1930) 7,018.12 RLR --> final yr (2014) 7,179.17 RLR {+161.05 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 161.05 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 58,274.5 Gt; Ghost water loss: 43.4835 mm.

Country: CUBA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
GUANTANAMO BAY41834
GIBARA56344
CABO DE SAN ANTONIO129744
ISABELA DE SAGUA190918
CABO CRUZ191026
MANZANILLO193414
CASILDA II202129
MARIEL BOCA22864
SANTIAGO DE CUBA22875
NUEVITAS PUNTA PRACTICO228819
CAYO LOCO22896

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Antarctica: 8,853.4 km
Svalbard: 7,799.98 km
Patagonia: 7,020.7 km
Greenland: 6,381.37 km
Glacier Bay: 6,162.82 km

SLC: 1st yr (1937) 6,938.14 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,074.1 RLR {+135.96 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 135.96 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 49,195.9 Gt; Ghost water loss: 36.7092 mm.

Country: CYPRUS

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
GIRNE19114

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 13,366.2 km
Glacier Bay: 9,579.29 km
Greenland: 5,773.65 km
Antarctica: 5,244.08 km
Svalbard: 4,870.38 km

SLC: 1st yr (2000) 7,030 RLR --> final yr (2003) 7,052.25 RLR {+22.25 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 22.25 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 8,050.96 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 6.0075 mm.

Appendix: Countries D-G

This is an appendix to Countries With Sea Level Change - 3

Abbreviations:
RLR = revised local reference
mm = millimeter
km = kilometer
Gt = gigaton
SLR = sea level Rise
SLF = sea level Fall
SLC = sea level Change


Country: DENMARK

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
AARHUS76129
ESBJERG80129
FREDERICIA81129
KOBENHAVN82129
HIRTSHALS89125
FREDERIKSHAVN91123
SLIPSHAVN98120
KORSOR113121
HORNBAEK119127
GEDSER120126
MOMMARK27121
HANSTHOLM70353
RODBYHAVN76239
FYNSHAV119750
TEJN181226

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 13,054.9 km
Glacier Bay: 7,014.74 km
Antarctica: 6,276.28 km
Greenland: 3,011.92 km
Svalbard: 2,527.8 km

SLC: 1st yr (1888) 7,022.5 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,102.62 RLR {+80.12 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 80.12 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 28,990.7 Gt; Ghost water loss: 21.6324 mm.

Country: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PUERTO PLATA57716
BARAHONA74511

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Antarctica: 8,003.69 km
Svalbard: 7,874.63 km
Glacier Bay: 6,830.79 km
Patagonia: 6,680.1 km
Greenland: 6,489.93 km

SLC: 1st yr (1949) 6,954.38 RLR --> final yr (1969) 6,996.04 RLR {+41.66 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 41.66 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 15,074.3 Gt; Ghost water loss: 11.2482 mm.

Country: ECUADOR

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
LA LIBERTAD II54447
LA LIBERTAD55522
SAN CRISTOBAL9279
PUERTO BOLIVAR127721
BALTRA-B164531

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 10,439.5 km
Antarctica: 9,380.34 km
Greenland: 9,019.32 km
Glacier Bay: 8,121.39 km
Patagonia: 4,658.28 km

SLC: 1st yr (1948) 6,968 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,006.04 RLR {+38.04 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 38.04 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 13,764.4 Gt; Ghost water loss: 10.2708 mm.

Country: EGYPT

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PORT SAID25324
ALEXANDRIA50361

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 12,928.3 km
Glacier Bay: 9,999.15 km
Greenland: 6,124.71 km
Svalbard: 5,295.39 km
Antarctica: 4,775.01 km

SLC: 1st yr (1923) 6,948.88 RLR --> final yr (2006) 7,104.41 RLR {+155.53 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 155.53 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 56,277.1 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 41.9931 mm.

Country: EL SALVADOR

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
LA UNION55821
ACAJUTLA 213026

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Antarctica: 9,917.99 km
Svalbard: 8,876.31 km
Greenland: 7,456.15 km
Patagonia: 6,439.7 km
Glacier Bay: 6,362.64 km

SLC: 1st yr (1948) 7,005.04 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,010.88 RLR {+5.84 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 5.84 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 2,113.15 Gt; Ghost water loss: 1.5768 mm.

Country: ESTONIA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
TALLINN32111
VILSANDI32211

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 13,879.1 km
Glacier Bay: 6,867.82 km
Antarctica: 6,861.07 km
Greenland: 3,054.83 km
Svalbard: 2,181.91 km

SLC: 1st yr (1928) 7,068.29 RLR --> final yr (1938) 7,022.29 RLR {+46 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 46 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 16,644.7 Gt; Ghost water loss: 12.42 mm.

Country: FAROE ISLANDS

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
TORSHAVN83948

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 12,693.1 km
Antarctica: 6,920.34 km
Glacier Bay: 5,971.26 km
Svalbard: 1,983.89 km
Greenland: 1,927.87 km

SLC: 1st yr (1957) 6,946.27 RLR --> final yr (2006) 7,075 RLR {+128.73 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 128.73 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 46,579.8 Gt; Ghost water loss: 34.7571 mm.

Country: FIJI

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
SUVA-A132746
LAUTOKA180526

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Greenland: 13,276.8 km
Svalbard: 13,215.7 km
Patagonia: 10,593.4 km
Glacier Bay: 9,420.9 km
Antarctica: 8,021.37 km

SLC: 1st yr (1972) 6,978 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,181.92 RLR {+203.92 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 203.92 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 73,786.6 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 55.0584 mm.

Country: FINLAND

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
HELSINKI14139
JUNGFRUSUND1877
UTO2771
RUSSARO2870
SODERSKAR2971
HANKO / HANGO71123
REPOSAARI8514
YKSPIHLAJA8636
SKURU14237
KOTKA16419
SAPPI22618
SALGRUND22810
LOHM2338
TVARMINNE23816
TURKU / ABO23996
HAMINA31590

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 13,972.6 km
Antarctica: 7,111.79 km
Glacier Bay: 6,581.62 km
Greenland: 2,798.98 km
Svalbard: 1,892.79 km

SLC: 1st yr (1858) 7,243.04 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,046.88 RLR {-196.16 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 196.16 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 70,925.8 Gt; Ghost water loss: 52.9632 mm.

Country: FRANCE

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
BREST1192
MARSEILLE61132
LE HAVRE45359
ST. MALO45426
CALAIS45550
ST. NAZAIRE45739
LE VERDON45913
LA ROCHELLE-LA PALLICE46647
CHERBOURG46744
DUNKERQUE46861
ST JEAN DE LUZ (SOCOA)46950
BOULOGNE47142
DIEPPE47455
SETE95824
TOULON98039
POINTE ST. GILDAS107825
PORT TUDY124743
LE CONQUET129447
CONCARNEAU130122
ROSCOFF134745
ANTIFER13839
NICE146837
PORT VENDRES146928
LES SABLES D OLONNE174731
BOUCAU180145
PORT BLOC191537
LE CROUESTY192121
AJACCIO192922

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 11,842.2 km
Glacier Bay: 7,686.5 km
Antarctica: 5,198.3 km
Greenland: 3,661.16 km
Svalbard: 3,586.54 km

SLC: 1st yr (1807) 6,970.17 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,128.79 RLR {+158.62 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 158.62 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 57,395.2 Gt; Ghost water loss: 42.8274 mm.

Country: FRENCH GUIANA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
ILE ROYALE201212

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 9,182.57 km
Svalbard: 8,967.66 km
Greenland: 7,795 km
Antarctica: 5,868.78 km
Patagonia: 5,381.35 km

SLC: 1st yr (2006) 6,991.5 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,051 RLR {+59.5 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 59.5 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 21,529.5 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 16.065 mm.

Country: FRENCH POLYNESIA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
RIKITEA125348
PAPEETE-B FARE UTE POINT SOC.IS.139741
NUKU HIVA155522
RANGIROA22168
TUBUAI22178

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 13,184.5 km
Greenland: 12,334 km
Glacier Bay: 8,475.68 km
Antarctica: 8,049.93 km
Patagonia: 7,675.23 km

SLC: 1st yr (1969) 6,987 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,166.75 RLR {+179.75 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 179.75 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 65,040.9 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 48.5325 mm.

Country: GERMANY

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
CUXHAVEN 27174
WISMAR 28170
WARNEMUNDE 211163
TRAVEMUNDE13154
SASSNITZ39774
KIEL-HOLTENAU78949
AMRUM (WITTDUEN)103654
BORKUM (FISCHERBALJE)103754
KOSEROW144838

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 12,944.7 km
Glacier Bay: 7,183.54 km
Antarctica: 6,097.18 km
Greenland: 3,170.88 km
Svalbard: 2,709.44 km

SLC: 1st yr (1843) 6,832.38 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,152.67 RLR {+320.29 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 320.29 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 115,894 Gt; Ghost water loss: 86.4783 mm.

Country: GHANA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
TAKORADI33169
TEMA104920

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Glacier Bay: 11,945.8 km
Patagonia: 8,516.43 km
Svalbard: 8,193.41 km
Greenland: 8,145.06 km
Antarctica: 591.937 km

SLC: 1st yr (1929) 6,980.67 RLR --> final yr (2012) 7,135.43 RLR {+154.76 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 154.76 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 55,998.5 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 41.7852 mm.

Country: GIBRALTAR

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
GIBRALTAR98145

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 10,690.9 km
Glacier Bay: 8,595.62 km
Svalbard: 4,805.48 km
Greenland: 4,684.16 km
Antarctica: 4,058 km

SLC: 1st yr (1961) 7,045.2 RLR --> final yr (2014) 6,919 RLR {-126.2 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 126.2 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 45,630.3 Gt; Ghost water loss: 34.074 mm.

Country: GREECE

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
THESSALONIKI37348
PIRAIEVS37444
KHIOS40845
POSIDHONIA40941
PREVEZA41043
KALAMAI41142
IRAKLION63426
SOUDHAS123243
LEROS123346
SIROS123447
KHALKIS NORTH123748
ALEXANDROUPOLIS123848
LEVKAS123948
KATAKOLON124048
RHODOS124335
PATRAI125036
KHALKIS SOUTH144139
NORTH SALAMINOS160417
RAFINA16954
SKOPELOS190711
CORFU ( KERKYRA )193314
NORTH SALAMINOS II19385
SAMOS ISLAND - VATHI19418
SOUDHAS II206715
IRAKLION II21659
RHODOS II21677

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 12,799.5 km
Glacier Bay: 9,171.07 km
Greenland: 5,216.11 km
Antarctica: 4,882.21 km
Svalbard: 4,515 km

SLC: 1st yr (1969) 6,969.82 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,036.5 RLR {+66.68 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 66.68 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 24,127.6 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 18.0036 mm.

Country: GRENADA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
PRICKLEY BAY GRENADA22726

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 8,433.17 km
Glacier Bay: 8,014.08 km
Greenland: 7,133.96 km
Antarctica: 6,943.36 km
Patagonia: 5,929.34 km

SLC: 1st yr (2011) 7,066.88 RLR --> final yr (2016) 7,042.83 RLR {+24.05 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 24.05 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 8,702.28 Gt; ; Ghost water loss: 6.4935 mm.

Country: GUADELOUPE

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
POINTE-A-PITRE178421

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Svalbard: 7,968.76 km
Glacier Bay: 7,632.79 km
Antarctica: 6,979.54 km
Greenland: 6,664.79 km
Patagonia: 6,398.67 km

SLC: 1st yr (1991) 6,979.68 RLR --> final yr (2017) 6,973.75 RLR {-5.93 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 5.93 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 2,144.12 Gt; Ghost water loss: 1.6011 mm.

Country: GUAM

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
APRA HARBOR54069
PAGO BAY GUAM213014

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Patagonia: 15,608 km
Antarctica: 11,502.6 km
Greenland: 10,177.5 km
Svalbard: 9,333.66 km
Glacier Bay: 8,057.19 km

SLC: 1st yr (1948) 7,055.88 RLR --> final yr (2017) 7,190.46 RLR {+134.58 mm}
Analysis: Antarctica is the predominant factor for 134.58 mm of SLR.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 48,696.6 Gt; Ghost water loss: 36.3366 mm.

Country: GUATEMALA

Station NameStn LinkYears of data
SAN JOSE II77713
SAN JOSE97310
SANTO TOMAS DE CASTILLA108018

Summary:

Distance to center of:

Antarctica: 10,067.5 km
Svalbard: 8,801.02 km
Greenland: 7,384.1 km
Patagonia: 6,589.69 km
Glacier Bay: 6,198.91 km

SLC: 1st yr (1960) 7,096.71 RLR --> final yr (1983) 6,934.36 RLR {-162.35 mm}
Analysis: Greenland is the predominant factor for 162.35 mm of SLF.
Ice mass loss equivalent: 58,701.1 Gt; Ghost water loss: 43.8345 mm.