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Saturday, July 8, 2023

On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 12

Fig. 1 Graph of Fig. 2 Values

In the previous post of this series (On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 11) sections of the human chromosome genome were analyzed.

The analysis was based on the sections between a promoter and a terminator (thus, not as many codons were used as are used in today's post).

Today's Appendix CE-12 contains full analysis tables using the same Benford's Law tabulation logic.

The totals from 25 human chromosome genome files are summed up in Fig. 2 below and in Appendix CE-12 to today's post.

Further, the graph at Fig. 1 details how closely these graphed values in Fig. 1 (black line) match the graph line of Benford's Law (red line).

In other words the hundreds of millions of values analyzed and summed up in the HTML tables in Appendix CE-12 are shown to follow the Benford's Law graph line quite closely.

But this result is a summation of all files.

If only one or a random few chromosome files is/are used, various results will occur.

However the application of Benford's Law must be applied to all of them to obtain a comprehensive consideration of the phenomenon.

The individual chromosomes featured in the appendix are detailed at NIH's Homo sapiens (human) page, with links to each chromosome (i.e. 1-22, X,Y, and MT).


Fig. 2

Benford's Law applied to
All Human Chromosomes (1-22,X,Y, and MT)
:
(Files processed: 25)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Diff
1 32.51 30.10 2.41
2 13.00 17.60 4.60
3 10.73 12.50 1.77
4 8.81 9.70 0.89
5 8.69 7.90 0.79
6 7.73 6.70 1.03
7 7.49 5.80 1.69
8 5.99 5.10 0.89
9 5.04 4.60 0.44

It is important for readers to remember that Benford's Law is about the single digit that begins a number (so, 10, 100, and 1000 are equal in terms of first digit law, as are 20, 200, and 2000).

It isn't about magnitude, it is about digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and 9 as the first digit of a large group of numbers, and the ratio patterns of their occurrences.

So, how does that relate to codons in the human chromosomes?

In the application today, as in the last post of this series, it is about the first digit of the location where a codon is found in that genome.

Some of the chromosomes are ~300 million nucleotides long in the files used, divided by 3 that means some of the chromosomes are ~100 million codons long, (but most are smaller than that).

There are 64 different 'official' codons, so any one codon (e.g. "AAA") could be located at many different positions within that large genome.

And all 64 codons are searched for within that ~100 million codon crowd (made up of ~300 million nucleotides ('A', 'C', 'G', or 'T' in groups of three).

The HTML table for chromosome 1 ('chr1') in Appendix CE-12 indicates that "219,353,678" codon locations were observed while parsing the genome for those 64 unique codons.

Of that "219,353,678" figure "105,741,138" were at numeric positions within the genome location that numerically began with the digit '1' (e.g. positions '1', '10', '100', '1,000,000', etc.).

The total averages of those numbers shown in Fig. 2 and the graph of them in Fig. 1 indicate that their location patterns were surprisingly close to Benford's Law values.

I say surprising because the total number of nucleotides in the 25 files is about three billion, which means that the total number of codons is about one billion.

That the first digit of the locations of one billion codons within the genome matches the Benford Law pattern is surprising (Benford’s Law Explained with Examples).

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.

Appendix CE-12

This is an appendix to: On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 12



Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr1)
:
(Instances processed: 219,353,678)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 105,741,138 48.21 30.10 18.11
2 39,591,902 18.05 17.60 0.45
3 10,594,016 4.83 12.50 7.67
4 10,594,364 4.83 9.70 4.87
5 10,593,656 4.83 7.90 3.07
6 10,568,898 4.82 6.70 1.88
7 10,552,683 4.81 5.80 0.99
8 10,560,565 4.81 5.10 0.29
9 10,556,456 4.81 4.60 0.21

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr2)
:
(Instances processed: 228,678,873)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 105,567,454 46.16 30.10 16.06
2 49,149,756 21.49 17.60 3.89
3 10,560,800 4.62 12.50 7.88
4 10,564,191 4.62 9.70 5.08
5 10,547,632 4.61 7.90 3.29
6 10,561,329 4.62 6.70 2.08
7 10,558,670 4.62 5.80 1.18
8 10,568,726 4.62 5.10 0.48
9 10,600,315 4.64 4.60 0.04

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr3)
:
(Instances processed: 188,330,859)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 103,795,521 55.11 30.10 25.01
2 10,557,347 5.61 17.60 11.99
3 10,571,741 5.61 12.50 6.89
4 10,583,852 5.62 9.70 4.08
5 10,584,713 5.62 7.90 2.28
6 10,575,470 5.62 6.70 1.08
7 10,559,242 5.61 5.80 0.19
8 10,527,414 5.59 5.10 0.49
9 10,575,559 5.62 4.60 1.02

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr4)
:
(Instances processed: 180,190,195)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 95,731,949 53.13 30.10 23.03
2 10,560,381 5.86 17.60 11.74
3 10,538,426 5.85 12.50 6.65
4 10,569,411 5.87 9.70 3.83
5 10,580,337 5.87 7.90 2.03
6 10,533,329 5.85 6.70 0.85
7 10,567,611 5.86 5.80 0.06
8 10,561,884 5.86 5.10 0.76
9 10,546,867 5.85 4.60 1.25

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr5)
:
(Instances processed: 172,293,312)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 87,847,914 50.99 30.10 20.89
2 10,518,744 6.11 17.60 11.49
3 10,566,467 6.13 12.50 6.37
4 10,588,132 6.15 9.70 3.55
5 10,562,353 6.13 7.90 1.77
6 10,560,147 6.13 6.70 0.57
7 10,563,194 6.13 5.80 0.33
8 10,538,579 6.12 5.10 1.02
9 10,547,782 6.12 4.60 1.52

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr6)
:
(Instances processed: 161,627,124)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 77,156,526 47.74 30.10 17.64
2 10,562,775 6.54 17.60 11.06
3 10,583,332 6.55 12.50 5.95
4 10,574,659 6.54 9.70 3.16
5 10,572,239 6.54 7.90 1.36
6 10,530,787 6.52 6.70 0.18
7 10,549,932 6.53 5.80 0.73
8 10,559,162 6.53 5.10 1.43
9 10,537,712 6.52 4.60 1.92

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr7)
:
(Instances processed: 151,107,574)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 66,589,264 44.07 30.10 13.97
2 10,571,118 7.00 17.60 10.60
3 10,571,623 7.00 12.50 5.50
4 10,572,994 7.00 9.70 2.70
5 10,580,595 7.00 7.90 0.90
6 10,574,326 7.00 6.70 0.30
7 10,559,759 6.99 5.80 1.19
8 10,532,145 6.97 5.10 1.87
9 10,555,750 6.99 4.60 2.39

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr8)
:
(Instances processed: 137,684,440)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 53,175,223 38.62 30.10 8.52
2 10,579,716 7.68 17.60 9.92
3 10,557,865 7.67 12.50 4.83
4 10,593,116 7.69 9.70 2.01
5 10,557,932 7.67 7.90 0.23
6 10,559,900 7.67 6.70 0.97
7 10,550,871 7.66 5.80 1.86
8 10,545,571 7.66 5.10 2.56
9 10,564,246 7.67 4.60 3.07

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr9)
:
(Instances processed: 115,842,825)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 31,313,029 27.03 30.10 3.07
2 10,548,064 9.11 17.60 8.49
3 10,564,151 9.12 12.50 3.38
4 10,577,123 9.13 9.70 0.57
5 10,557,026 9.11 7.90 1.21
6 10,564,202 9.12 6.70 2.42
7 10,579,250 9.13 5.80 3.33
8 10,562,335 9.12 5.10 4.02
9 10,577,645 9.13 4.60 4.53

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr10)
:
(Instances processed: 126,798,411)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 42,256,081 33.33 30.10 3.23
2 10,555,573 8.32 17.60 9.28
3 10,575,018 8.34 12.50 4.16
4 10,595,863 8.36 9.70 1.34
5 10,541,062 8.31 7.90 0.41
6 10,557,118 8.33 6.70 1.63
7 10,585,780 8.35 5.80 2.55
8 10,561,407 8.33 5.10 3.23
9 10,570,509 8.34 4.60 3.74

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr11)
:
(Instances processed: 128,118,848)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 43,484,891 33.94 30.10 3.84
2 10,551,080 8.24 17.60 9.36
3 10,565,421 8.25 12.50 4.25
4 10,573,908 8.25 9.70 1.45
5 10,640,790 8.31 7.90 0.41
6 10,592,831 8.27 6.70 1.57
7 10,594,171 8.27 5.80 2.47
8 10,561,915 8.24 5.10 3.14
9 10,553,841 8.24 4.60 3.64

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr12)
:
(Instances processed: 126,606,647)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 42,122,704 33.27 30.10 3.17
2 10,554,656 8.34 17.60 9.26
3 10,595,574 8.37 12.50 4.13
4 10,564,900 8.34 9.70 1.36
5 10,574,805 8.35 7.90 0.45
6 10,559,015 8.34 6.70 1.64
7 10,541,880 8.33 5.80 2.53
8 10,535,172 8.32 5.10 3.22
9 10,557,941 8.34 4.60 3.74

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr13)
:
(Instances processed: 93,042,003)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,582,846 11.37 30.10 18.73
2 10,565,826 11.36 17.60 6.24
3 10,553,352 11.34 12.50 1.16
4 10,520,864 11.31 9.70 1.61
5 10,531,777 11.32 7.90 3.42
6 10,531,967 11.32 6.70 4.62
7 10,534,625 11.32 5.80 5.52
8 10,560,542 11.35 5.10 6.25
9 8,660,204 9.31 4.60 4.71

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr14)
:
(Instances processed: 86,140,176)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,557,966 12.26 30.10 17.84
2 10,541,759 12.24 17.60 5.36
3 10,555,014 12.25 12.50 0.25
4 10,567,428 12.27 9.70 2.57
5 10,577,539 12.28 7.90 4.38
6 10,563,780 12.26 6.70 5.56
7 10,590,203 12.29 5.80 6.49
8 10,587,545 12.29 5.10 7.19
9 1,598,942 1.86 4.60 2.74

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr15)
:
(Instances processed: 80,543,437)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,569,114 13.12 30.10 16.98
2 10,577,056 13.13 17.60 4.47
3 10,558,310 13.11 12.50 0.61
4 10,572,722 13.13 9.70 3.43
5 10,577,820 13.13 7.90 5.23
6 10,577,569 13.13 6.70 6.43
7 10,577,372 13.13 5.80 7.33
8 5,477,036 6.80 5.10 1.70
9 1,056,438 1.31 4.60 3.29

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr16)
:
(Instances processed: 77,940,801)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,589,339 13.59 30.10 16.51
2 10,588,776 13.59 17.60 4.01
3 10,597,089 13.60 12.50 1.10
4 10,588,145 13.58 9.70 3.88
5 10,566,838 13.56 7.90 5.66
6 10,569,848 13.56 6.70 6.86
7 10,599,491 13.60 5.80 7.80
8 2,781,676 3.57 5.10 1.53
9 1,059,599 1.36 4.60 3.24

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr17)
:
(Instances processed: 79,002,031)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,580,531 13.39 30.10 16.71
2 10,648,387 13.48 17.60 4.12
3 10,580,088 13.39 12.50 0.89
4 10,575,845 13.39 9.70 3.69
5 10,571,981 13.38 7.90 5.48
6 10,562,940 13.37 6.70 6.67
7 10,583,740 13.40 5.80 7.60
8 3,840,395 4.86 5.10 0.24
9 1,058,124 1.34 4.60 3.26

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr18)
:
(Instances processed: 76,180,000)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,614,546 13.93 30.10 16.17
2 10,562,925 13.87 17.60 3.73
3 10,555,125 13.86 12.50 1.36
4 10,571,165 13.88 9.70 4.18
5 10,571,818 13.88 7.90 5.98
6 10,537,473 13.83 6.70 7.13
7 10,565,580 13.87 5.80 8.07
8 1,144,779 1.50 5.10 3.60
9 1,056,589 1.39 4.60 3.21

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr19)
:
(Instances processed: 55,597,399)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,564,831 19.00 30.10 11.10
2 10,584,186 19.04 17.60 1.44
3 10,571,049 19.01 12.50 6.51
4 10,565,208 19.00 9.70 9.30
5 9,087,068 16.34 7.90 8.44
6 1,055,489 1.90 6.70 4.80
7 1,055,739 1.90 5.80 3.90
8 1,057,014 1.90 5.10 3.20
9 1,056,815 1.90 4.60 2.70

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr20)
:
(Instances processed: 60,940,383)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,580,405 17.36 30.10 12.74
2 10,598,373 17.39 17.60 0.21
3 10,588,733 17.38 12.50 4.88
4 10,597,458 17.39 9.70 7.69
5 10,584,046 17.37 7.90 9.47
6 4,819,190 7.91 6.70 1.21
7 1,056,166 1.73 5.80 4.07
8 1,057,740 1.74 5.10 3.36
9 1,058,272 1.74 4.60 2.86

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr21)
:
(Instances processed: 38,115,046)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,529,961 27.63 30.10 2.47
2 10,563,484 27.71 17.60 10.11
3 10,578,269 27.75 12.50 15.25
4 1,148,334 3.01 9.70 6.69
5 1,069,376 2.81 7.90 5.09
6 1,060,406 2.78 6.70 3.92
7 1,056,415 2.77 5.80 3.03
8 1,056,498 2.77 5.10 2.33
9 1,052,303 2.76 4.60 1.84

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chr22)
:
(Instances processed: 37,351,488)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,591,679 28.36 30.10 1.74
2 10,601,564 28.38 17.60 10.78
3 9,801,768 26.24 12.50 13.74
4 1,061,763 2.84 9.70 6.86
5 1,057,600 2.83 7.90 5.07
6 1,057,919 2.83 6.70 3.87
7 1,059,349 2.84 5.80 2.96
8 1,060,373 2.84 5.10 2.26
9 1,059,473 2.84 4.60 1.76

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chrX)
:
(Instances processed: 147,241,576)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 62,762,843 42.63 30.10 12.53
2 10,552,071 7.17 17.60 10.43
3 10,556,165 7.17 12.50 5.33
4 10,557,831 7.17 9.70 2.53
5 10,595,279 7.20 7.90 0.70
6 10,590,334 7.19 6.70 0.49
7 10,557,268 7.17 5.80 1.37
8 10,527,194 7.15 5.10 2.05
9 10,542,591 7.16 4.60 2.56

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chrY)
:
(Instances processed: 25,131,222)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 10,582,147 42.11 30.10 12.01
2 7,164,316 28.51 17.60 10.91
3 1,051,416 4.18 12.50 8.32
4 1,051,424 4.18 9.70 5.52
5 1,052,916 4.19 7.90 3.71
6 1,056,924 4.21 6.70 2.49
7 1,057,379 4.21 5.80 1.59
8 1,059,230 4.21 5.10 0.89
9 1,055,470 4.20 4.60 0.40

Benford's Law applied to
Human Chromosome (chrMT)
:
(Instances processed: 15,947)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 7,397 46.38 30.10 16.28
2 1,076 6.75 17.60 10.85
3 1,069 6.70 12.50 5.80
4 1,058 6.63 9.70 3.07
5 1,068 6.70 7.90 1.20
6 1,075 6.74 6.70 0.04
7 1,076 6.75 5.80 0.95
8 1,063 6.67 5.10 1.57
9 1,065 6.68 4.60 2.08

Friday, July 7, 2023

Here Come De Conservative Judges - 10

"Only we can do it."

This series began just over 14 years ago (2009) with a concern that conservative judges could pose a problem in the USA in the future (Here Come De Conservative Judges, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).

The first sentence in the first post was: "Will they be activists?".

As time went on and the situation was continually monitored on Dredd Blog, we finally have a definitive answer.

A well known MSNBC commentator indicated on his July 5 program that a "crisis of faith" in the Supreme Court of the US has developed due to conservative justices who are abandoning the American rule of law (see video below). 

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.


Crisis of Faiths:


Tuesday, July 4, 2023

On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 11

Fig. 1 Benford's Law Applied
To Human Chromsomal DNA

I have a hypothesis that Benford's Law reveals a type of containment entity (On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 10).

Like the ubiquitous yet unseen gravity that shapes planets and galaxies, there are unseen containment entity forces at work having some degree of widespread impact on the universe.

The entire realm of biology is impacted by the concept of containment entities in the sense of "morphology", which is a branch of biology that is not at all as straight forward as many would have it (Disparities in the analysis of morphological disparity).

As an example for argument's sake, notice the graph at Fig. 1 and the data associated with it at Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

The graph depicts how close to alignment with Benford's Law the locations of codons are within human chromosomal DNA.


Fig. 2

Benford's Law applied to
Dna Strands of Human Chromosomes

(Instances processed: 1,968,416)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 632,812 32.15 30.10 2.05
2 296,393 15.06 17.60 2.54
3 225,648 11.46 12.50 1.04
4 189,417 9.62 9.70 0.08
5 162,860 8.27 7.90 0.37
6 146,807 7.46 6.70 0.76
7 118,476 6.02 5.80 0.22
8 104,731 5.32 5.10 0.22
9 91,272 4.64 4.60 0.04

The data from which Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 were generated is listed below in Fig. 3

The "version" portion of the detail is a link to the Genetic data in a government database where the chromosomal DNA can be viewed (use the FASTA option to view the large genome).


Fig. 3
Codon = 'AAA'
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'AAC'
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'AAG'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
Codon = 'AAT'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
Codon = 'ACA'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
Codon = 'ACC'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'ACG'
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'ACT'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
Codon = 'AGA'
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
Codon = 'AGC'
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'AGG'
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
Codon = 'AGT'
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
Codon = 'ATA'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'ATC'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'ATG'
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'ATT'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'CAA'
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
Codon = 'CAC'
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'CAG'
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'CAT'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
Codon = 'CCA'
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'CCC'
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
Codon = 'CCT'
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
Codon = 'CTA'
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
Codon = 'CTC'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
Codon = 'CTG'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
Codon = 'CTT'
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'GAA'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
Codon = 'GAC'
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
Codon = 'GAG'
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
Codon = 'GAT'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
Codon = 'GCA'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'GCC'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
Codon = 'GCG'
Codon = 'GCT'
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'GGA'
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
Codon = 'GGC'
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
Codon = 'GGG'
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
Codon = 'GGT'
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
Codon = 'GTA'
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'GTG'
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'GTT'
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
Codon = 'TAA'
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
Codon = 'TAC'
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'TAG'
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'TAT'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
Codon = 'TCA'
version: CM000667.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 5
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000676.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 14
version: CM000675.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 13
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'TCC'
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
Codon = 'TCT'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'TGA'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000677.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 15
version: CM000669.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 7
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21
Codon = 'TGC'
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'TGG'
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'TGT'
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'TTA'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'TTC'
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000679.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 17
version: CM000681.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 19
Codon = 'TTG'
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000665.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 3
version: CM000673.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 11
version: CM000674.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 12
version: CM000684.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 22
version: CM000663.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 1
version: CM000664.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 2
Codon = 'TTT'
version: CM000680.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 18
version: CM000671.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 9
version: CM000670.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 8
version: CM000666.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 4
version: CM000672.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 10
version: CM000682.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 20
version: CM000678.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 16
version: CM000668.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 6
version: CM000683.2, DNA source: Homo sapiens chromosome 21

You may recall that there hasn’t yet been a complete answer to the question of why Benford's Law "works":

"The law is hard to prove mathematically, as it’s more akin to a theory that works (sort of like the multiplication rule). Many attempts have been made to explain the phenomenon, ranging from Benford’s initial thoughts about the logarithmic nature of data to Hill’s probability framework which used mixtures from different probability distributions to partially explain it. At the time of writing, there hasn’t yet been a complete answer to the question of why it works. But work it does — kind of. Diaconis and Freedman (1979) suggest Benford was rather liberal with how he rounded off numbers, to make the data better fit the equation."

(Statistics, emphasis in original). Why human chromosomal DNA codon locations would follow the Benford's Law pattern is just another thing to ponder when hypothetically discussing containment entities.

Have fun.

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.



Sunday, July 2, 2023

On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 10

Fig. 1 deg. C conversion to deg. F
Formula: (deg. C * 9/5) + 32 = deg. F

I. Background

To test Benford's Law a bit more than was done in On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 9, I downloaded a CSV file from the National Centers for Environmental Information.

The file I chose was: Temperature: Statistical mean data links (woa18_t_decav_1.00_csv.tar.gz).

My purpose was to process the Seawater temperatures (T) listed in the CSV files and then display the results in both graph and HTML formats.

They were stored only in degrees Celsius (deg. C) values, so for comparison purposes I converted those deg. C values into degrees Fahrenheit (deg. F).

Fig. 2 Deg. C Graphed And
Compared To Benford's Law

Then I graphed both C and F values so as to compare them with Benford's Law values.

Fig. 2 is the graph of the deg. C results and Fig. 1 shows the formula for converting deg. C into deg. F and the graph results comparing deg. F with Benford's Law.

The shock was that the deg. F results didn't match the Benford Law values, but the deg. C results matched quite closely.

The values that were graphed are also shown in the HTML tables in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 below.

II. Discussion

What I gather from these results is that Benford's Law is useless in these (and many other) similar circumstances ("There are lies, damned lies and statistics." - Mark Twain).

I am at a loss as to why they are allowed in court cases (On The Origin of The Containment Entity - 9) and if that has anything to do with all the innocent people in jails.

But I digress.


Fig. 3

Benford's Law applied to
Seawater in situ T(deg. C)
:
(Instances processed: 281,115,728)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 79,140,349 28.15 30.10 1.95
2 49,881,052 17.74 17.60 0.14
3 31,203,330 11.10 12.50 1.40
4 31,357,614 11.15 9.70 1.45
5 26,330,785 9.37 7.90 1.47
6 21,101,303 7.51 6.70 0.81
7 16,603,552 5.91 5.80 0.11
8 13,932,588 4.96 5.10 0.14
9 11,565,155 4.11 4.60 0.49

Fig. 4

Benford's Law applied to
Seawater in situ T(deg. F)
:
(Instances processed: 291,454,324)
First
Digit
1st Digit
Count
1st Digit
Percent
Benford
Percent
Difference
1 33,491,758 11.49 30.10 18.61
2 8,084,379 2.77 17.60 14.83
3 184,909,924 63.44 12.50 50.94
4 25,238,791 8.66 9.70 1.04
5 14,677,889 5.04 7.90 2.86
6 9,306,740 3.19 6.70 3.51
7 8,081,894 2.77 5.80 3.03
8 5,653,538 1.94 5.10 3.16
9 2,009,411 0.69 4.60 3.91

III. Closing Comments

Replying "1 deg. C" or "33.8 deg. F" to the question "what is the seawater temperature?" does not in any way change the actual seawater temperature.

So, for Benford's Law to treat that temperature as if it were on Venus in one case or on Earth in another (depending on the two different ways to express the same temperature) renders that law less useful than it could be.

The only redemption I see is that if one knows that deg. C is the only language in which Benford's Law will apply in processing seawater temps coherently, then there is "no problemo".

Don't get caught up in a disingenuous containment entity, or as Jim Frost wrote "Proceed Carefully!"

The next post in this series is here, the previous post in this series is here.