Quantum Oceanography - 20

Fig. 1 Six Latitude Groups

The previous post dealt with six longitude groups, this post deals with six latitude groups.

Today's appendices contain graphs in the same manner as the previous post where one set is potential enthalpy, the other set is photon mole (mol) counts.

The modern oceanography standard is TEOS-10:

"TEOS-10 is based on a Gibbs function formulation from which all thermodynamic properties of seawater (density, enthalpy, entropy sound speed, etc.) can be derived in a thermodynamically consistent manner. TEOS-10 was adopted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its 25th Assembly in June 2009 to replace EOS-80 as the official description of seawater and ice properties in marine science."

(Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater, 2010). The pre-quantum physics science of ocean currents as the initiator of heat flux in the oceans was replaced with modern thermodynamic concepts of photons as the "carriers" of heat:

"Furthermore, it is shown that a flux of potential enthalpy can be called “the heat flux” even though potential enthalpy is undefined up to a linear function of salinity. The exchange of heat across the sea surface is identically the flux of potential enthalpy. This same flux is not proportional to the flux of potential temperature because of variations in heat capacity of up to 5%. The geothermal heat flux across the ocean floor is also approximately the flux of potential enthalpy with an error of no more that 0.15%. These results prove that potential enthalpy is the quantity whose advection and diffusion is equivalent to advection and diffusion of “heat” in the ocean. That is, it is proven that to very high accuracy, the first law of thermodynamics in the ocean is the conservation equation of potential enthalpy. It is shown that potential enthalpy is to be preferred over the Bernoulli function. A new temperature variable called “conservative temperature” is advanced that is simply proportional to potential enthalpy. It is shown that present ocean models contain typical errors of 0.1°C and maximum errors of 1.4°C in their temperature because of the neglect of the nonconservative production of potential temperature. The meridional flux of heat through oceanic sections found using this conservative approach is different by up to 0.4% from that calculated by the approach used in present ocean models in which the nonconservative nature of potential temperature is ignored and the specific heat at the sea surface is assumed to be constant. An alternative approach that has been recommended and is often used with observed section data, namely, calculating the meridional heat flux using the specific heat (at zero pressure) and potential temperature, rests on an incorrect theoretical foundation, and this estimate of heat flux is actually less accurate than simply using the flux of potential temperature with a constant heat capacity."

(Potential Enthalpy: A Conservative Oceanic Variable for Evaluating Heat Content and Heat Fluxes, cf. Thermodynamic Concepts used in Physical Oceanography). When counting the photons in the ocean a researcher realizes that photons are involved in constant spontaneous motion events, flowing from "hot to cold" ... from warmer to cooler locations.

That is discerned during the calculation of potential enthalpy which results in data that become the source for h^o graphs (Appendix 1) and photon mole (mol) count graphs (Appendix 2).

That process uses the TEOS-10 formulas, as was pointed out in the previous post of this series.

Additionally, the count of photons in Dredd Blog posts is done using the C++ Photon  class I wrote some years back.

It implements "the only way to do it":

"To find the energy of a photon, multiply Planck's constant by the speed of light, then divide by the photon's wavelength. For a mole of photons, multiply the result by Avogadro's number." 

(How To Figure The Energy Of One Mole Of A Photon). But, when you are doing it for all the photons in the world's oceans the high powered Dredd Blog "Photon" class works better than doing only one photon at a time (snark).

Closing Comment 

There really is no useful purpose for resisting the ongoing reality of our solid quantum mechanics and infrared photon dynamics throughout the ocean depths.

Nothing extra has to happen to cause that ongoing photon current reality because, unlike ocean currents driven by wind, water density differences, and tides, the photon current is initiated spontaneously per the Second Law of Thermodynamics everywhere there is "photon energy" (previously absorbed photon) in an atom or molecule of seawater.

Nevertheless, that resistance to quantum oceanography is being done during a lot of research due to an old habit of using current movements (driven by wind, water density differences, and tides) as the imaginary major cause of ocean heat flux. 

The previous post in this series is here.