APNDX Genetic Code

This is an appendix to: Small Brains Considered - 9

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GENETIC CODE
(Amino Acids, Codons,
and Atomic Formulas)

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LEGEND:
Amino Acid [ABBR/Letter] Formula

Codon (DNA), formula, formula, formula, formula totals
Codon (RNA), formula, formula, formula, formula totals

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Alanine [ALA/A] C₃H₇N₁O₂

GCT, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₄
GCU, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₄

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Arginine [ARG/R] C₆H₁₄N₄O₂

CGT, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₄
CGU, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₄

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Asparagine [ASN/N] C₄H₈N₂O₃

AAT, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₂
AAU, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₂

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Aspartic acid [ASP/D] C₄H₇N₁O₄

GAT, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₃
GAU, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₃

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Cysteine [CYS/C] C₃H₇N₁O₂S₁

TGT, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₇N₉O₅
UGU, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₃N₉O₅
TGC, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₄
UGC, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₄

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Glutamine [GLN/Q] C₅H₁₀N₂O₃

CAA, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₅N₁₃O₁
CAA, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₅N₁₃O₁
CAG, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₅N₁₃O₂
CAG, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₅N₁₃O₂

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Glutamic acid [GLU/E] C₅H₉N₁O₄

GAA, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₁
GAA, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₁
GAG, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₂
GAG, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₂

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Glycine [GLY/G] C₂H₅N₁O₂

GGT, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₄
GGU, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₄

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Histidine [HIS/H] C₆H₉N₃O₂

CAT, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₃
CAU, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₃

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Isoleucine [ILE/I] C₆H₁₃N₁O₂

ATT, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₇N₉O₄
AUU, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₃N₉O₄
ATC, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₃
AUC, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₃
ATA, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₂
AUA, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₂

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Leucine [LEU/L] C₆H₁₃N₁O₂

CTT, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₇N₇O₅
CUU, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₂H₁₃N₇O₅
CTC, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₃H₁₆N₈O₄
CUC, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₂H₁₄N₈O₄
CTA, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₃
CUA, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₃
CTG, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₄
CUG, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₄
TTA, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₇N₉O₄
UUA, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₃H₁₃N₉O₄
TTG, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₇N₉O₅
UUG, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₃H₁₃N₉O₅

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Lysine [LYS/K] C₆H₁₄N₂O₂

AAA, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₀
AAA, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₀
AAG, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₁
AAG, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₅N₁₅O₁

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Methionine [MET/M] C₅H₁₁N₁O₂S₁

ATG, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₃
AUG, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₃

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Phenylalanine [PHE/F] C₉H₁₁N₁O₂

TTT, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₈N₆O₆
UUU, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₂H₁₂N₆O₆
TTC, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₄H₁₇N₇O₅
UUC, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₂H₁₃N₇O₅

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Proline [PRO/P] C₅H₉N₁O₂

CCT, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₆N₈O₄
CCU, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₂H₁₄N₈O₄

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Serine [SER/S] C₃H₇N₁O₃

TCT, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₇N₇O₅
UCU, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₂H₁₃N₇O₅
TCC, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₃H₁₆N₈O₄
UCC, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₂H₁₄N₈O₄
TCA, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₃
UCA, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₃
TCG, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₄
UCG, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₄
AGT, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₃
AGU, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₃

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Threonine [THR/T] C₄H₉N₁O₃

ACT, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₃
ACU, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₃

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Tryptophan [TRP/W] C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂

TGG, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₄
UGG, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₄

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Tyrosine [TYR/Y] C₉H₁₁N₁O₃

TAT, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₇N₉O₄
UAU, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₃N₉O₄
TAC, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₃
UAC, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₃

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Valine [VAL/V] C₅H₁₁N₁O₂

GTT, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₁₅H₁₇N₉O₅
GUU, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₁₃H₁₃N₉O₅
GTC, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₄H₁₆N₁₀O₄
GUC, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₄H₅N₃O₁, C₁₃H₁₄N₁₀O₄
GTA, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₃
GUA, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₃
GTG, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₄
GUG, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₄

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Stop-codons [STP/Z] ---

TAA, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₂
UAA, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₂
TAG, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₃
UAG, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₃
TGA, C₅H₆N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₅H₁₆N₁₂O₃
UGA, C₄H₄N₂O₂, C₅H₅N₅O₁, C₅H₅N₅, C₁₄H₁₄N₁₂O₃

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CODON COMPONENTS
(what codons are made of)

"Nucleobases, also known as nitrogenous bases or often simply bases, are nitrogen containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. The ability of nucleobases to form base pairs and to stack one upon another leads directly to long-chain helical structures such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Five nucleobases—adenine(A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)—are called primary or canonical. They function as the fundamental units of the genetic code, with the bases A, G, C, and T being found in DNA while A, G, C, and U are found in RNA."(Wikipedia).

nucleotide	Letter	Abbr	Formula
Adenine	A	ADE	C5H5N5
Cytosine	C	CYT	C4H5N3O1
Guanine	G	GUA	C5H5N5O1
Thymine	T	THY	C5H6N2O2
Uracil	U	URA	C4H4N2O2