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Saturday, October 15, 2022

APNDX Genetic Code

This is an appendix to: Small Brains Considered - 9



GENETIC CODE
(Amino Acids, Codons,
and Atomic Formulas)

LEGEND:
Amino Acid [ABBR/Letter] Formula

Codon (DNA), formula, formula, formula, formula totals
Codon (RNA), formula, formula, formula, formula totals

Alanine [ALA/A] C3H7N1O2

GCT, C5H5N5O1, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C14H16N10O4
GCU, C5H5N5O1, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C13H14N10O4

Arginine [ARG/R] C6H14N4O2

CGT, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C14H16N10O4
CGU, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C13H14N10O4

Asparagine [ASN/N] C4H8N2O3

AAT, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C15H16N12O2
AAU, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C14H14N12O2

Aspartic acid [ASP/D] C4H7N1O4

GAT, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C15H16N12O3
GAU, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C14H14N12O3

Cysteine [CYS/C] C3H7N1O2S1

TGT, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C15H17N9O5
UGU, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C13H13N9O5
TGC, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C4H5N3O1, C14H16N10O4
UGC, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C4H5N3O1, C13H14N10O4

Glutamine [GLN/Q] C5H10N2O3

CAA, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C14H15N13O1
CAA, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C14H15N13O1
CAG, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C14H15N13O2
CAG, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C14H15N13O2

Glutamic acid [GLU/E] C5H9N1O4

GAA, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C15H15N15O1
GAA, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C15H15N15O1
GAG, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C15H15N15O2
GAG, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C15H15N15O2

Glycine [GLY/G] C2H5N1O2

GGT, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C15H16N12O4
GGU, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C14H14N12O4

Histidine [HIS/H] C6H9N3O2

CAT, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C14H16N10O3
CAU, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C13H14N10O3

Isoleucine [ILE/I] C6H13N1O2

ATT, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C15H17N9O4
AUU, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C13H13N9O4
ATC, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C14H16N10O3
AUC, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C13H14N10O3
ATA, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C15H16N12O2
AUA, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C14H14N12O2

Leucine [LEU/L] C6H13N1O2

CTT, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C14H17N7O5
CUU, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C12H13N7O5
CTC, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C13H16N8O4
CUC, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C12H14N8O4
CTA, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C14H16N10O3
CUA, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C13H14N10O3
CTG, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C14H16N10O4
CUG, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C13H14N10O4
TTA, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C15H17N9O4
UUA, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C13H13N9O4
TTG, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C15H17N9O5
UUG, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C13H13N9O5

Lysine [LYS/K] C6H14N2O2

AAA, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C15H15N15O0
AAA, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C15H15N15O0
AAG, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C15H15N15O1
AAG, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C15H15N15O1

Methionine [MET/M] C5H11N1O2S1

ATG, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C15H16N12O3
AUG, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C14H14N12O3

Phenylalanine [PHE/F] C9H11N1O2

TTT, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C15H18N6O6
UUU, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C12H12N6O6
TTC, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C14H17N7O5
UUC, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C12H13N7O5

Proline [PRO/P] C5H9N1O2

CCT, C4H5N3O1, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C13H16N8O4
CCU, C4H5N3O1, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C12H14N8O4

Serine [SER/S] C3H7N1O3

TCT, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C14H17N7O5
UCU, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C12H13N7O5
TCC, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C4H5N3O1, C13H16N8O4
UCC, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C4H5N3O1, C12H14N8O4
TCA, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C14H16N10O3
UCA, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5, C13H14N10O3
TCG, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5O1, C14H16N10O4
UCG, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C5H5N5O1, C13H14N10O4
AGT, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C15H16N12O3
AGU, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C14H14N12O3

Threonine [THR/T] C4H9N1O3

ACT, C5H5N5, C4H5N3O1, C5H6N2O2, C14H16N10O3
ACU, C5H5N5, C4H5N3O1, C4H4N2O2, C13H14N10O3

Tryptophan [TRP/W] C11H12N2O2

TGG, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5O1, C15H16N12O4
UGG, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5O1, C14H14N12O4

Tyrosine [TYR/Y] C9H11N1O3

TAT, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C5H6N2O2, C15H17N9O4
UAU, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C4H4N2O2, C13H13N9O4
TAC, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C4H5N3O1, C14H16N10O3
UAC, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C4H5N3O1, C13H14N10O3

Valine [VAL/V] C5H11N1O2

GTT, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C15H17N9O5
GUU, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C4H4N2O2, C13H13N9O5
GTC, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C14H16N10O4
GUC, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C4H5N3O1, C13H14N10O4
GTA, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C15H16N12O3
GUA, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C14H14N12O3
GTG, C5H5N5O1, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C15H16N12O4
GUG, C5H5N5O1, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C14H14N12O4

Stop-codons [STP/Z] ---

TAA, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C15H16N12O2
UAA, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C5H5N5, C14H14N12O2
TAG, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C15H16N12O3
UAG, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5, C5H5N5O1, C14H14N12O3
TGA, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C15H16N12O3
UGA, C4H4N2O2, C5H5N5O1, C5H5N5, C14H14N12O3

CODON COMPONENTS
(what codons are made of)

"Nucleobases, also known as nitrogenous bases or often simply bases, are nitrogen containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids. The ability of nucleobases to form base pairs and to stack one upon another leads directly to long-chain helical structures such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Five nucleobases—adenine(A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)—are called primary or canonical. They function as the fundamental units of the genetic code, with the bases A, G, C, and T being found in DNA while A, G, C, and U are found in RNA."(Wikipedia).

nucleotide Letter Abbr Formula
Adenine A ADE C5H5N5
Cytosine C CYT C4H5N3O1
Guanine G GUA C5H5N5O1
Thymine T THY C5H6N2O2
Uracil U URA C4H4N2O2

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